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Viva Questions and Answers in MP Interfacing Lab - 1
1) What is MicroProcessor?
A:- A MicroProcessor is a multipurpose, programmable, clock-driven,
register-based electronic device that reads
binary instructions from a storage device called memory, accepts binary data as
input and processes the data according to those instruction, and
provides results as output.
2) What are the different types of Addressing
Modes?
A: - There are 12 different types of Addressing
Modes. They are:-
<1> Immediate:-The Immediate data is a part of
instruction, and appears in the form of successive bytes.
<2> Direct:-A 16-bit memory address (offset) is
directly specified in the instruction as a part of it.
<3> Register:-Data is stored in a register and it is
referred using the particular register (except IP).
<4> Register Indirect:-The address of the memory
location which contains data or operand is determined in an indirect way.
<5> Indexed:-offset of the operand is stored in one
of the index registers.
<6> Register Relative:-The data is available at an
effective address formed by adding an 8-bit or 16-bit displacement with the
content of any one of the registers BX,BP,SI and DI in the default (either DS
or ES) segment.
<7> Based Indexed:-The effective address of the data
is formed, in this addressing mode, by adding content of a base register to the
content of an index register.
<8> Relative Based Indexed:- The effective address
is formed by adding an 8 or 16-bit displacement with the sum of contents of any
one of the base registers and any one of the index registers, in the default
segment.
<9> Intrasegment Direct Mode:-In this mode, the
address to which the control is to be transferred lies in the segment in which
the control transfer instruction lies and appears directly in the instruction
as an immediate displacement value.
<10> Intrasegment Indirect Mode:-In this mode, the
displacement to which the control is to be transferred, is in the same segment
in which the control transfer instruction lies, but it is passed to the
instruction indirectly.
<11> Intersegment Direct:-In this mode, the address
to which the control is to be transferred is in a different segment.
<12> Intersegment Indirect:-In this mode, the
address to which the control is to be transferred lies in a different segment
and it is passed to the instruction indirectly sequentially.
3) What are
the General Data Registers & their uses?
A: - The Registers AX, BX, CX, DX are the
general Purpose 16-bit registers. AX register as 16-bit accumulator. BX
register is used as an offset Storage. CX register is used as default or
implied counter. DX register is used as an implicit operand or destination in
case of a few instructions.
4) What are
Segment Registers & their uses?
A:-There are
4 Segment Registers Code Segment (CS), Data Segment (DS), Extra Segment (ES)
& Stack Segment (SS) registers. CS is used for addressing memory
location in code. DS is used to points the data. ES refers to a segment which
is essentially in another data segment. SS is used for addressing stack segment
of memory.
5) What are
Flag registers?
A:-Divided
into 2 parts:-Condition code or status flags and machine control flags.
S -Sign Flag:-Is to set when the
result of any computation is negative.
Z -Zero Flag:-Is to set if the
result of the computation or comparision performed by the previous instruction
is zero.
C -Carry Flag:-Is set when there
is carry out of MSB in case of addition or a borrow in case of subtraction.
T -Trap Flag:-Is set, the
processor enters the single step execution mode.
I -Interrupt Flag:-Is set, the mask
able interrupts are recognized by the CPU.
D -Direction Flag:-Is set for Auto
incrementing or Auto decrementing mode in string manipulation instructions.
AC -Auxiliary Carry Flag:-Is set
if there is a carry from the lowest nibble during addition or borrow for the
lowest nibble.
O -Overflow Flag:-Is set if the
result of a signed operation is large enough to be accommodated in a
destination register.
Viva Questions and Answers in MP InterfacinG {Micro Processor I} Lab -2
VivA QuestionS and AnswerS in MP And I LaB -2
6) What does
the 8086 Architecture contain?
A:-The
complete architecture of 8086 can be divided into 2types:-Bus
Interface Unit (BIU) & Execution Unit.
The BIU contains the circuit for
physical
address calculations and a pre coding instruction byte queue & it
makes the bus signals available for external interfacing of the
devices.
The EU contains the register set of 8086 except segment registers and IP. It
has a 16-bit ALU, able to perform arithmetic and Logic operations.
7) What are Data Copy/Transfer Instructions?
A: - Mov
Push
Pop
Xchg
In
Out
Xlat
Lea
Lds/Les
Lahf
Sahf
Pushf
Popf
8) What are Machine Control Instructions?
A: - Nop
Hlt
Wait
Lock
9) What are Flag Manipulation Instructions?
A: - Cld
Std
Cli
Sti
10) What are String Instructions?
A: - Rep
MovSB/MovSW
Cmps
Scas
Lods
Stos
Viva Questions and Answers in MP AnD InterfacinG [Micro Processor I]Lab -3
VivA QuestionS and AnswerS in MP AnD I LaB - 3
11) What are different parts for 8086 architecture?
A:-The
answer is in 6th.
A: - The complete architecture of 8086 can be divided into 2types:-Bus
Interface Unit (BIU) & Execution Unit.
The BIU contains the circuit for
physical address calculations and a pre coding instruction byte queue &
it makes the bus signals available for external interfacing of the devices.
The EU contains the register set of 8086 except segment registers and IP. It
has a 16-bit ALU, able to perform arithmetic and Logic operations.
Viva Questions and Answers for MP + InterfacinG Lab11 {NEW}
VivA QuestionS and AnswerS for MP * InterfacinG LaB 11 {NEW}
VivA QuestionS With Answers of MP[{(Microprocessor)}] AnD "InterfacinG" LaB
1. What is an Opcode?
A:-The part of the instruction that specifies the operation to be performed is called the Operation code or Op code.
2. What is an Operand?
A:-The data on which the operation is to be performed is called as an Operand.
3. Explain the difference between a JMP and CALL instruction?
A:-A JMP instruction permantely changes the program counter.
A CALL instruction leaves information on the stack so that the original program execution sequence can be resumed.
4. What is meant by Polling?
A:- Polling or device Polling is a process which idenfies the device that has interrupted the microprocessor.
5. What is meant by Interrupt?
A:-Interrupt is an external signal that causes a microprocessor to jump to a specific subroutine.
6. What is an Instruction?
A:-An instruction is a binary pattern enetered through an input device to command the microprocessor to perform that specific function.
7. What is Microcontroller and Microcomputer?
A:- Microcontroller is a device that includes microprocessor:memory and I/O signal lines on a single chip, fabricated using VLSI technology.
Microcomputer is a computer that is designed using microprocessor as its CPU.It includes microprocessor,memory and I/O.
8. What is Assembler?
A:-The assembler translates the assembly language program text which is given as input to the assembler to their binary equivalents known as object code.
The time required to translate the assembly code to object code is called access time.The assembler checks for syntax errors&displays them before giving the object code.
9. Define Variable?
A:-A Variable is an identifier that is associated with the first byte of data item.
10. Explain Dup?
A:-The DUP directive can be used to initialize several location & to assign values to these locations.
11. Define Pipelining?
A:-In 8086,to speedup the execution program,the instructions fetching and execution of instructions are overlapped each other.This is known as Pipelining.
12.What is the use of HLDA?
A:-HLDA is the acknowledgment signal for HOLD. It indicates whether the HOLD signal is received or not.
HOLD and HLDA are used as the control signals for DMA operations.
13. Explain about "LEA"?
A:-LEA(Load Effective Address) is used for initializing a register with an offset address.
A common use for LEA is to intialize an offset in BX, DI or SI for indexing an address in memory.
An equivalent operation to LEA is MOV with the OFFSET operator,
which generates slightly shorter machine code.
14. Difference between "Shift" and "Rotate".
A:-Shift and Rotate commands are used to convert a number to another form where some bits are shifted or rotated.
A rotate instruction is a closed loop instruction.That is,the data moved out at one end is put back in at the other end.
The shift instruction loses the data that is moved out of the last bit locations.
Basic difference between shift and rotate is shift command makes "fall of " bits at the end of the register.
Where rotate command makes "wrap around" at the end of the register.
15. Explain about .MODEL SMALL?
A:- .MODEL directive:-This simplified segment directive creates default segments and the required ASSUME and GROUP statements.
Its format is .MODEL memory-model.The following are the memry models
Tiny:-Code and data in one segment, for .COM programs.
Small:-Code in one segment (<=64K), data in one segment (<=64K). It generates 16-bit offset addresses.
Medium:-Any number of code segments, data in one segment (<=64K).
Compact:-Code in one segment (<=64K), any number of data
segments. It generates 32-bit addresses, which require
more time for execution.
Large:-Code and data both in any number of segments, no array >64K.
Huge:-Code and data both in any number of segments, arrays may be >64K.
Flat:-Defines one area upto 4 gigabytes for both code and
data.It is unsegmented.The program uses 32-bit addressing and runs
under Windows in protected mode.
16. Difference between JMP and JNC?
A:-JMP is Unconditional Branch.
JNC is Conditional Branch.
17. List the String Manipulation Commands?
A:-REP=Repeat.
MOVS=Move Byte/Word
CMPS=Compare Byte/Word
SCAS=Scan Byte/Word
LODS=Load byte/Wd to AL/AX
STOS=Stor Byte/Wd from AL/A
18. What are the 4 Segments?
A:-Code Segment Register {CS}
Data Segment Register {DS}
Extra Segment Register {ES}
Stack Segment Register{SS}
19.What is the main use of ready pin?
A:-READY is used by the microprocessor to check whether a peripheral is ready to accept or transfer data.
A peripheral may be a LCD display or analog to digital converter or any other.
These peripherals are connected to microprocessor using the READY pin.
If READY is high then the periphery is ready for data transfer. If not the microprocessor waits until READY goes high.
20.Explain about Direction Flag?
A:-This is used by string manipulation instructions.
If this flag bit is 0 , the string is processed beginning from the
lowest to the highest
address,i.e.,.Autoincrement mode.
Otherwise,the string is processed from the highest towards the lowest address,i.e.,.Autodecrementing mode.
MP Unit5
Interrupts
Interrupts
Def:- An interrupt operation suspends
execution of a program so that the system can take special action.The
interrupt routine executes and normally returns control to the interrupted procedure, which then resumes execution.BIOS handles Int 00H-1FH, whereas DOS handles INT 20H-3FH.
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