Thursday, December 13, 2012


FILE SIGNATURES TABLE

21 October 2012


This table of file signatures (aka "magic numbers") is a continuing work-in-progress. I have found little information on this in a single place, with the exception of the table in Forensic Computing: A Practitioner's Guide by T. Sammes & B. Jenkinson (Springer, 2000); that was my inspiration to start this list. See also Wikipedia's List of file signatures. Comments, additions, and queries can be sent to Gary Kessler at gck@garykessler.net.
This list is not exhaustive. Interpret the table as the magic number generally indicating the file type rather than the file type always having the given magic number. If you want to know to what a particular file extension refers, check out some of these sites:
Some useful additional information:


Hex Signature   ASCII Signature
File Extension File Description
TGA Truevision Targa Graphic file
Trailer:
54 52 55 45 56 49 53 49   TRUEVISI
4F 4E 2D 58 46 49 4C 45   ON-XFILE
2E 00                     ..
00 .
PIC IBM Storyboard bitmap file
MOV Apple QuickTime movie file
PIF Windows Program Information File
SEA Mac Stuffit Self-Extracting Archive
YTR IRIS OCR data file
[11 byte offset]
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 [11 byte offset]
........
........
........
PDB Palmpilot Database/Document File
[512 byte offset]
00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
 [512 byte offset]
........
RVT Revit Project File subheader
00 00 00 0C 6A 50 20 20
0D 0A
 ....jP
..
JP2 Various JPEG-2000 image file formats
00 00 00 nn 66 74 79 70
33 67 70
 ....ftyp
3gp
3GG, 3GP, 3G2 3rd Generation Partnership Project 3GPP (nn=0x14)
and 3GPP2 (nn=0x20) multimedia files
00 00 00 14 66 74 79 70
69 73 6F 6D
 ....ftyp
isom
MP4 ISO Base Media file (MPEG-4) v1
00 00 00 14 66 74 79 70
71 74 20 20
 ....ftyp
qt
MOV QuickTime movie file
00 00 00 18 66 74 79 70
33 67 70 35
 ....ftyp
3gp5
MP4 MPEG-4 video files
00 00 00 18 66 74 79 70
6D 70 34 32
 ....ftyp
mp42
M4V MPEG-4 video/QuickTime file
00 00 00 1C 66 74 79 70
4D 53 4E 56 01 29 00 46
4D 53 4E 56 6D 70 34 32
 ....ftyp
MSNV.).F
MSNVmp42
MP4 MPEG-4 video file
00 00 00 20 66 74 79 70
4D 34 41 20
 ... ftyp
M4A
M4A Apple Lossless Audio Codec file
00 00 01 00 ....
ICO Windows icon file
SPL Windows NT/2000/XP printer spool file
00 00 01 Bx ....
MPEG, MPG MPEG video file
Trailer:
00 00 01 B7 (...·)
00 00 01 BA ....º
MPG, VOB DVD Video Movie File (video/dvd, video/mpeg) or DVD MPEG2
Trailer:
00 00 01 B9 (...¹)
00 00 02 00 ......
CUR Windows cursor file
WB2 QuattroPro for Windows Spreadsheet file
00 00 02 00 06 04 06 00
08 00 00 00 00 00
 ........
......
WK1 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v1) file
00 00 1A 00 00 10 04 00
00 00 00 00
 ........
....
WK3 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v3) file
00 00 1A 00 02 10 04 00
00 00 00 00
 ........
....
WK4, WK5 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v4, v5) file
00 00 1A 00 05 10 04 .......
123 Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet (v9) file
00 00 49 49 58 50 52 or ..IIXPR
00 00 4D 4D 58 50 52 ..MMXPR
QXD Quark Express document (Intel & Motorola, respectively)
NOTE: It appears that the byte following the 0x52 ("R") is
the language indicator; 0x33 ("3") seems to indicate English
and 0x61 ("a") reportedly indicates Korean.
00 00 FE FF ..þÿ
n/a Byte-order mark for 32-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
4-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-32/UCS-4), big-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)
[6 byte offset]
00 00 FF FF FF FF
 [6 byte offset]
..ÿÿÿÿ
HLP Windows Help file
00 01 00 00 4D 53 49 53
41 4D 20 44 61 74 61 62
61 73 65
 ....MSIS
AM Datab
ase
MNY Microsoft Money file
00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E
64 61 72 64 20 41 43 45
20 44 42
 ....Stan
dard ACE
 DB
ACCDB Microsoft Access 2007 file
00 01 00 00 53 74 61 6E
64 61 72 64 20 4A 65 74
20 44 42
 ....Stan
dard Jet
 DB
MDB Microsoft Access file
00 01 00 08 00 01 00 01
01
 ........
.
IMG Ventura Publisher/GEM VDI Image Format Bitmap file
00 01 01 ...
FLT OpenFlight 3D file
00 01 42 41 ..BA
ABA Palm Address Book Archive file
00 01 42 44 ..BD
DBA Palm DateBook Archive file
00 06 15 61 00 00 00 02
00 00 04 D2 00 00 10 00
 ...a....
...Ò....
DB Netscape Navigator (v4) database file
00 11 AF ..¯
FLI FLIC Animation file
00 14 00 00 01 02 xx xx
03
 ........
.
n/a BIOS details in RAM images
00 1E 84 90 00 00 00 00 ..„.....
SNM Netscape Communicator (v4) mail folder
00 5C 41 B1 FF .\A±ÿ
ENC Mujahideen Secrets 2 encrypted file
00 BF .¿
SOL Adobe Flash shared object file (e.g., Flash cookies)
[512 byte offset]
00 6E 1E F0
 [512 byte offset]
.n.ð
PPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office)
00 FF FF FF FF FF FF FF
FF FF FF 00 00 02 00 01
 .ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ
ÿÿÿ.....
MDF Alcohol 120% CD image
01 00 00 00 ....
EMF Extended (Enhanced) Windows Metafile Format, printer spool file
(0x18-17 & 0xC4-36 is Win2K/NT; 0x5C0-1 is WinXP)
01 00 00 00 01 .....
PIC Unknown type picture file
01 00 09 00 00 03 ......
WMF Windows Metadata file (Win 3.x format)
01 00 39 30 ..90
FDB, GDB Firebird and Interbase database files, respectively. See
IBPhoenix for more information.
01 0F 00 00 ....
MDF Microsoft SQL Server 2000 database
01 10 ..
TR1 Novell LANalyzer capture file
01 DA 01 01 00 03 .Ú....
RGB Silicon Graphics RGB Bitmap
01 FF 02 04 03 02 .ÿ....
DRW Micrografx vector graphic file
02 64 73 73 .dss
DSS Digital Speech Standard (Olympus, Grundig, & Phillips)
03 .
DAT MapInfo Native Data Format
DB3 dBASE III file
03 00 00 00 ....
QPH Quicken price history file
03 00 00 00 41 50 50 52 ....APPR
ADX Approach index file
04 .
DB4 dBASE IV data file
04 00 00 00 xx xx xx xx
xx xx xx xx 20 03 00 00
 or
 ........
.... ...
05 00 00 00 xx xx xx xx
xx xx xx xx 20 03 00 00
 ........
.... ...
n/a INFO2 Windows recycle bin file. NOTE: Bytes 12-13
indicate the size of each INFO2 record; the most common
value is 0x02-03 (0x0320 = 800 bytes).
07 .
DRW A common signature and file extension for many drawing
programs.
07 53 4B 46 .SKF
SKF SkinCrafter skin file
07 64 74 32 64 64 74 64 .dt2ddtd
DTD DesignTools 2D Design file
08 .
DB dBASE IV or dBFast configuration file
[512 byte offset]
09 08 10 00 00 06 05 00
 [512 byte offset]
........
XLS Excel spreadsheet subheader (MS Office)
0A nn 01 01 ....
PCX ZSOFT Paintbrush file
(where nn = 0x02, 0x03, or 0x05)
0C ED 
MP Monochrome Picture TIFF bitmap file (unconfirmed)
0D 44 4F 43 .DOC
DOC DeskMate Document file
0E 4E 65 72 6F 49 53 4F .NeroISO
NRI Nero CD Compilation
0E 57 4B 53 .WKS
WKS DeskMate Worksheet
[512 byte offset]
0F 00 E8 03
 [512 byte offset]
..è.
PPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office)
11 00 00 00 53 43 43 41 ....SCCA
PF Windows prefetch file
1A 00 00 ...
NTF Lotus Notes database template
1A 00 00 04 00 00 ......
NSF Lotus Notes database
1A 0x ..
ARC LH archive file, old version
(where x = 0x2, 0x3, 0x4, 0x8 or 0x9
for types 1-5, respectively)
1A 0B ..
PAK Compressed archive file
(often associated with Quake Engine games)
1A 35 01 00 .5..
ETH GN Nettest WinPharoah capture file
1A 45 DF A3 93 42 82 88
6D 61 74 72 6F 73 6B 61
 .Eߣ“B‚ˆ
matroska
MKV Matroska stream file
1A 52 54 53 20 43 4F 4D
50 52 45 53 53 45 44 20
49 4D 41 47 45 20 56 31
2E 30 1A
 .RTS COM
PRESSED
IMAGE V1
.0.
DAT Runtime Software disk image
1D 7D .}
WS WordStar Version 5.0/6.0 document
1F 8B 08 .‹.
GZ, TGZ GZIP archive file
1F 9D ..
TAR.Z Compressed tape archive file using standard (Lempel-Ziv-Welch) compression
1F A0 
TAR.Z Compressed tape archive file using LZH (Lempel-Ziv-Huffman) compression
21 !
BSB MapInfo Sea Chart
21 12 !.
AIN AIN Compressed Archive
21 3C 61 72 63 68 3E 0A !<arch>.
LIB Unix archiver (ar) files and Microsoft Program Library
Common Object File Format (COFF)
21 42 44 4E !BDN
PST Microsoft Outlook Personal Folder File
23 20 #
MSI Cerius2 file
23 20 44 69 73 6B 20 44
65 73 63 72 69 70 74 6F
 # Disk D
escripto
VMDK VMware 4 Virtual Disk description file (split disk)
23 20 4D 69 63 72 6F 73
6F 66 74 20 44 65 76 65
6C 6F 70 65 72 20 53 74
75 64 69 6F
 # Micros
oft Deve
loper St
udio
DSP Microsoft Developer Studio project file
23 21 41 4D 52 #!AMR
AMR Adaptive Multi-Rate ACELP (Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction)
Codec, commonly audio format with GSM cell phones. (See RFC 4867.)
23 3F 52 41 44 49 41 4E
43 45 0A
 #?RADIAN
CE.
HDR Radiance High Dynamic Range image file
24 46 4C 32 40 28 23 29
20 53 50 53 53 20 44 41
54 41 20 46 49 4C 45
 $FL2@(#)
 SPSS DA
TA FILE
SAV SPSS Data file
25 21 50 53 2D 41 64 6F
62 65 2D 33 2E 30 20 45
50 53 46 2D 33 20 30
 %!PS-Ado
be-3.0 E
PSF-3.0
EPS Adobe encapsulated PostScript file
(If this signature is not at the immediate
beginning of the file, it will occur early
in the file, commonly at byte offset 30)
25 50 44 46 %PDF
PDF, FDF Adobe Portable Document Format and Forms Document file
Trailers:
0A 25 25 45 4F 46 (.%%EOF)
0A 25 25 45 4F 46 0A (.%%EOF.)
0D 0A 25 25 45 4F 46 0D 0A (..%%EOF..)
0D 25 25 45 4F 46 0D (.%%EOF.)
NOTE: There may be multiple end-of-file marks within the
file. When carving, be sure to get the last one.
28 54 68 69 73 20 66 69
6C 65 20 6D 75 73 74 20
62 65 20 63 6F 6E 76 65
72 74 65 64 20 77 69 74
68 20 42 69 6E 48 65 78
20
 (This fi
le must
be conve
rted wit
h BinHex
 
HQX Macintosh BinHex 4 Compressed Archive
2A 2A 2A 20 20 49 6E 73
74 61 6C 6C 61 74 69 6F
6E 20 53 74 61 72 74 65
64 20
 ***  Ins
tallatio
n Starte
d
LOG Symantec Wise Installer log file
[2 byte offset]
2D 6C 68
 [2 byte offset]
-lh
LHA, LZH Compressed archive file
2E 52 45 43 .REC
IVR RealPlayer video file (V11 and later)
2E 52 4D 46 .RMF
RM, RMVB RealMedia streaming media file
2E 52 4D 46 00 00 00 12
00
 .RMF....
.
RA RealAudio file
2E 72 61 FD 00 .raý.
RA RealAudio streaming media file
2E 73 6E 64 .snd
AU NeXT/Sun Microsystems µ-Law audio file
30 0
CAT Microsoft security catalog file
30 00 00 00 4C 66 4C 65 0...LfLe
EVT Windows Event Viewer file
30 26 B2 75 8E 66 CF 11
A6 D9 00 AA 00 62 CE 6C
 0&²u.fÏ.
¦Ù.ª.bÎl
ASF, WMA, WMV Microsoft Windows Media Audio/Video File
(Advanced Streaming Format)
30 31 4F 52 44 4E 41 4E
43 45 20 53 55 52 56 45
59 20 20 20 20 20 20 20
 01ORDNAN
CE SURVE
Y
NTF National Transfer Format Map File
30 37 30 37 30 nn 07070.
n/a Archive created with the cpio utility (where nn
values 0x37 ("7"), 0x31 ("1"), and 0x32 ("2") refer to the
standard ASCII format, new ASCII (aka SVR4) format, and CRC
format, respectively. (The swpackage(8) page has additional
information.) (Thanks to F. Webber for this....)
31 BE or 
32 BE 
WRI Microsoft Write file
34 CD B2 A1 4Ͳ¡
n/a Extended tcpdump (libpcap) capture file (Linux/Unix)
37 7A BC AF 27 1C 7z¼¯'.
7Z 7-Zip compressed file
37 E4 53 96 C9 DB D6 07 7äS–ÛÖ.
n/a zisofs compression format, recognized by some Linux kernels. See the
libburnia page for additional information.
38 42 50 53 8BPS
PSD Photoshop image file
3A 56 45 52 53 49 4F 4E :VERSION
SLE Surfplan kite project file
3C <
ASX Advanced Stream redirector file
XDR BizTalk XML-Data Reduced Schema file
3C 21 64 6F 63 74 79 70 <!doctyp
DCI AOL HTML mail file
3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20 76 65
72 73 69 6F 6E 3D
 <?xml ve
rsion=
MANIFEST Windows Visual Stylesheet XML file
3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20 76 65
72 73 69 6F 6E 3D 22 31
2E 30 22 3F 3E
 <?xml ve
rsion="1
.0"?>
XUL XML User Interface Language file
3C 3F 78 6D 6C 20 76 65
72 73 69 6F 6E 3D 22 31
2E 30 22 3F 3E 0D 0A 3C
4D 4D 43 5F 43 6F 6E 73
6F 6C 65 46 69 6C 65 20
43 6F 6E 73 6F 6C 65 56
65 72 73 69 6F 6E 3D 22
 <?xml ve
rsion="1
.0"?>..<
MMC_Cons
oleFile
ConsoleV
ersion="
MSC Microsoft Management Console Snap-in Control file
3C 4D 61 6B 65 72 46 69
6C 65 20
 <MakerFi
le
FM, MIF Adobe FrameMaker file
[24 byte offset]
3E 00 03 00 FE FF 09 00
06
 [24 byte offset]
>...þÿ..
.
WB3 Quatro Pro for Windows 7.0 Notebook file
3F 5F 03 00 ?_..
GID Windows Help index file
HLP Windows Help file
[32 byte offset]
40 40 40 20 00 00 40 40
40 40
 [32 byte offset]
@@@ ..@@
@@
ENL EndNote Library File
41 43 31 30 AC10
DWG Generic AutoCAD drawing
NOTES on AutoCAD file headers: The 0x41-43-31-30 (AC10) is a generic header, occupying the first
four bytes in the file. The next two bytes give further indication about the version or subtype:
  • 0x30-32 (02) — AutoCAD R2.5
  • 0x30-33 (03) — AutoCAD R2.6
  • 0x30-34 (04) — AutoCAD R9
  • 0x30-36 (06) — AutoCAD R10
  • 0x30-39 (09) — AutoCAD R11/R12
  • 0x31-30 (10) — AutoCAD R13 (subtype 10)
  • 0x31-31 (11) — AutoCAD R13 (subtype 11)
  • 0x31-32 (12) — AutoCAD R13 (subtype 12)
  • 0x31-33 (13) — AutoCAD R14 (subtype 13)
  • 0x31-34 (14) — AutoCAD R14 (subtype 14)
  • 0x31-35 (15) — AutoCAD R2000
  • 0x31-38 (18) — AutoCAD R2004
  • 0x32-31 (21) — AutoCAD R2007
41 43 76 ACL
SLE Steganos Security Suite virtual secure drive
41 43 53 44 ACSD
n/a Miscellaneous AOL parameter and information files
41 45 53 AES
AES AES Crypt file format. (The fourth byte is the version number.)
41 4D 59 4F AMYO
SYW Harvard Graphics symbol graphic
41 4F 4C 20 46 65 65 64
62 61 67
 AOL Feed
bag
BAG AOL and AIM buddy list file
41 4F 4C 44 42 AOLDB
ABY, IDX AOL database files: address book (ABY) and user configuration
data (MAIN.IDX)
41 4F 4C 49 44 58 AOLIDX
IND AOL client preferences/settings file (MAIN.IND)
41 4F 4C 49 4E 44 45 58 AOLINDEX
ABI AOL address book index file
41 4F 4C 56 4D 31 30 30 AOLVM100
ORG, PFC AOL personal file cabinet (PFC) file
41 56 47 36 5F 49 6E 74
65 67 72 69 74 79 5F 44
61 74 61 62 61 73 65
 AVG6_Int
egrity_D
atabase
DAT AVG6 Integrity database file
41 72 43 01 ArC.
ARC FreeArc compressed file
42 41 41 44 BAAD
n/a NTFS Master File Table (MFT) entry (1,024 bytes)
42 45 47 49 4E 3A 56 43
41 52 44 0D 0A
 BEGIN:VC
ARD..
VCF vCard file
42 4C 49 32 32 33 51 BLI223Q
BIN Thomson Speedtouch series WLAN router firmware
42 4D BM
BMP, DIB Windows (or device-independent) bitmap image
NOTE: Bytes 2-5 contain the file length in little-endian order.
42 4F 4F 4B 4D 4F 42 49 BOOKMOBI
PRC Palmpilot resource file
42 5A 68 BZh
BZ2, TAR.BZ2, TBZ2, TB2 bzip2 compressed archive
43 23 2B 44 A4 43 4D A5
48 64 72
 C#+D¤CM¥
Hdr
RTD RagTime document file
43 42 46 49 4C 45 CBFILE
CBD WordPerfect dictionary file (unconfirmed)
43 44 30 30 31 CD001
ISO ISO-9660 CD Disc Image
This signature usually occurs at byte offset 32769 (0x8001),
34817 (0x8801), or 36865 (0x9001).
More information can be found at MacTech or at ECMA.
43 49 53 4F CISO
CSO Compressed ISO (CISO) CD image
43 4D 58 31 CMX1
CLB Corel Binary metafile
43 4F 4D 2B COM+
CLB COM+ Catalog file
43 4F 57 44 COWD
VMDK VMware 3 Virtual Disk (portion of a split disk) file
43 50 54 37 46 49 4C 45 CPT7FILE
CPT Corel Photopaint file
43 50 54 46 49 4C 45 CPTFILE
CPT Corel Photopaint file
43 52 45 47 CREG
DAT Windows 9x registry hive
43 52 55 53 48 20 76 CRUSH v
CRU Crush compressed archive
43 57 53 CWS
SWF Shockwave Flash file (v5+)
43 61 74 61 6C 6F 67 20
33 2E 30 30 00
 Catalog
3.00.
CTF WhereIsIt Catalog file
43 6C 69 65 6E 74 20 55
72 6C 43 61 63 68 65 20
4D 4D 46 20 56 65 72 20
 Client U
rlCache
MMF Ver
DAT IE History (index.dat) file
44 41 58 00 DAX.
DAX DAX Compressed CD image
44 42 46 48 DBFH
DB Palm Zire photo database
44 4D 53 21 DMS!
DMS Amiga DiskMasher compressed archive
44 4F 53 DOS
ADF Amiga disk file
44 56 44 DVD
DVR DVR-Studio stream file
IFO DVD info file
45 4C 49 54 45 20 43 6F
6D 6D 61 6E 64 65 72 20
 ELITE Co
mmander
CDR Elite Plus Commander saved game file
45 4E 54 52 59 56 43 44
02 00 00 01 02 00 18 58
 ENTRYVCD
.......X
VCD VideoVCD (GNU VCDImager) file
45 52 46 53 53 41 56 45
44 41 54 41 46 49 4C 45
 ERFSSAVE
DATAFILE
DAT Kroll EasyRecovery Saved Recovery State file
45 50 EP
MDI Microsoft Document Imaging file
45 56 46 09 0D 0A FF 00 EVF...ÿ.
Enn (where nn are numbers) Expert Witness Compression Format (EWF) file, including EWF-E01
and EWF-S01, as used in EnCase and SMART evidence files.
See the EWF specification.
45 56 46 32 0D 0A 81 EVF2...
Exnn (where nn are numbers) EnCase® Evidence File Format Version 2 (Ex01).
See the document.
45 6C 66 46 69 6C 65 00 ElfFile.
EVTX Windows Vista event log file
45 86 00 00 06 00 E†....
QBB Intuit QuickBooks backup file
46 41 58 43 4F 56 45 52
2D 56 45 52
 FAXCOVER
-VER
CPE Microsoft Fax Cover Sheet
46 44 42 48 00 FDBH.
FDB Fiasco database definition file
46 45 44 46 FEDF
SBV (Unknown file type)
46 49 4C 45 FILE
n/a NTFS Master File Table (MFT) entry (1,024 bytes)
46 4C 56 01 FLV.
FLV Flash video file
46 4F 52 4D 00 FORM.
AIFF Audio Interchange File
DAX DAKX Compressed Audio
46 57 53 FWS
SWF Macromedia Shockwave Flash player file
46 72 6F 6D 20 20 20 or From
46 72 6F 6D 20 3F 3F 3F or From ???
46 72 6F 6D 3A 20 From:
EML A commmon file extension for e-mail files. Signatures shown here
are for Netscape, Eudora, and a generic signature, respectively.
EML is also used by Outlook Express and QuickMail.
47 46 31 50 41 54 43 48 GF1PATCH
PAT Advanced Gravis Ultrasound patch file
47 49 46 38 37 61 or GIF87a
47 49 46 38 39 61 GIF89a
GIF Graphics interchange format file
Trailer: 00 3B (.;)
47 50 41 54 GPAT
PAT GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) pattern file
47 58 32 GX2
GX2 Show Partner graphics file (not confirmed)
47 65 6E 65 74 65 63 20
4F 6D 6E 69 63 61 73 74
 Genetec
Omnicast
G64 Genetec video archive
48 48 47 42 31 HHGB1
SH3 Harvard Graphics presentation file
49 20 49 I I
TIF, TIFF Tagged Image File Format file
49 44 33 ID3
MP3 MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) audio file
49 44 33 03 00 00 00 ID3....
KOZ Sprint Music Store audio file (for mobile devices)
49 49 1A 00 00 00 48 45
41 50 43 43 44 52 02 00
 II....HE
APCCDR..
CRW Canon digital camera RAW file
49 49 2A 00 II*.
TIF, TIFF Tagged Image File Format file (little
endian, i.e., LSB first in the byte; Intel)
49 49 2A 00 10 00 00 00
43 52
 II*.....
CR
CR2 Canon digital camera RAW file
49 53 63 28 ISc(
CAB, HDR Install Shield v5.x or 6.x compressed file
49 54 4F 4C 49 54 4C 53 ITOLITLS
LIT Microsoft Reader eBook file
49 54 53 46 ITSF
CHI, CHM Microsoft Compiled HTML Help File
49 6E 6E 6F 20 53 65 74
75 70 20 55 6E 69 6E 73
74 61 6C 6C 20 4C 6F 67
20 28 62 29
 Inno Set
up Unins
tall Log
 (b)
DAT Inno Setup Uninstall Log file
49 6E 74 65 72 40 63 74
69 76 65 20 50 61 67 65
 Inter@ct
ive Page
IPD Inter@ctive Pager Backup (BlackBerry) backup file
(See also IPD File Format page or IPD File for BlackBerry)
4A 41 52 43 53 00 JARCS.
JAR JARCS compressed archive
4A 47 03 0E or JG..
4A 47 04 0E JG..
ART AOL ART file
Trailers:
For 0x4A-47-03-0E: D0 CB 00 00 (ÐË..)
For 0x4A-47-04-0E: CF C7 CB (ÏÇË)
4B 44 4D KDM
VMDK VMware 4 Virtual Disk (portion of a split disk) file
4B 44 4D 56 KDMV
VMDK VMware 4 Virtual Disk (monolitic disk) file
4B 47 42 5F 61 72 63 68
20 2D
 KGB_arch
 -
KGB KGB archive
4B 49 00 00 KI..
SHD Windows 9x printer spool file
4B 57 41 4A 88 F0 27 D1 KWAJˆð'Ñ
n/a KWAJ file format used by DOS COMPRESS.EXE and EXPAND.EXE commands.
This command compresses a single file, replacing the last character in the file name
with an underscore or dollar sign, e.g., FOO.BAZ would be renamed FOO.BA_ or
FOO.BA$. (See the SZDD/KWAJ page for more information.)
4C 00 00 00 01 14 02 00 L.......
LNK Windows shortcut file. See also The Meaning of Linkfiles in Forensic Examinations.
4C 01 L.
OBJ Microsoft Common Object File Format (COFF) relocatable
object code file for an Intel 386 or later/compatible processors
4C 4E 02 00 LN..
GID Windows Help index file
HLP Windows Help file.
4C 56 46 09 0D 0A FF 00 LVF...ÿ.
Enn (where nn are numbers) Logical File Evidence Format (EWF-L01) as used in later versions of
EnCase evidence files. See the EWF specification.
4D 2D 57 20 50 6F 63 6B
65 74 20 44 69 63 74 69
 M-W Pock
et Dicti
PDB Merriam-Webster Pocket Dictionary file
4D 41 52 31 00 MAR1.
MAR Mozilla archive
4D 41 52 43 MARC
MAR Microsoft/MSN MARC archive
4D 41 72 30 00 MAr0.
MAR MAr compressed archive
4D 44 4D 50 93 A7 MDMP“§
HDMP Windows heap dump file
DMP Windows minidump file
4D 49 4C 45 53 MILES
MLS Milestones v1.0 project management and scheduling software
(Also see "MV2C" and "MV214" signatures)
4D 4C 53 57 MLSW
MLS Skype localization data file
4D 4D 00 2A MM.*
TIF, TIFF Tagged Image File Format file (big
endian, i.e., LSB last in the byte; Motorola)
4D 4D 00 2B MM.+
TIF, TIFF BigTIFF files; Tagged Image File Format files >4 GB
4D 4D 4D 44 00 00 MMMD..
MMF Yamaha Corp. Synthetic music Mobile Application Format (SMAF)
for multimedia files that can be played on hand-held devices.
4D 52 56 4E MRVN
NVRAM VMware BIOS (non-volatile RAM) state file.
4D 53 43 46 MSCF
CAB Microsoft cabinet file
PPZ Powerpoint Packaged Presentation
SNP Microsoft Access Snapshot Viewer file
4D 53 46 54 02 00 01 00 MSFT....
TLB OLE, SPSS, or Visual C++ type library file
4D 53 5F 56 4F 49 43 45 MS_VOICE
CDR, DVF Sony Compressed Voice File
MSV Sony Memory Stick Compressed Voice file
4D 54 68 64 MThd
MID, MIDI Musical Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) sound file
4D 56 MV
DSN CD Stomper Pro label file
4D 56 32 31 34 MV214
MLS Milestones v2.1b project management and scheduling software
(Also see "MILES" and "MV2C" signatures)
4D 56 32 43 MV2C
MLS Milestones v2.1a project management and scheduling software
(Also see "MILES" and "MV214" signatures)
4D 5A MZ
COM, DLL, DRV, EXE, PIF, QTS, QTX, SYS Windows/DOS executable file
(See The MZ EXE File Format page for the structure of an EXE file,
with coverage of NE, TLINK, PE, self-extracting archives, and more.)
ACM MS audio compression manager driver
AX Library cache file
CPL Control panel application
FON Font file
OCX ActiveX or OLE Custom Control
OLB OLE object library
SCR Screen saver
VBX VisualBASIC application
VXD, 386 Windows virtual device drivers
4D 5A 90 00 03 00 00 00 MZ......
API Acrobat plug-in
AX DirectShow filter
FLT Audition graphic filter file (Adobe)
4D 5A 90 00 03 00 00 00
04 00 00 00 FF FF
 MZ......
....ÿÿ
ZAP ZoneAlam data file
4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66
74 20 43 2F 43 2B 2B 20
 Microsof
t C/C++
PDB Microsoft C++ debugging symbols file
4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66
74 20 56 69 73 75 61 6C
20 53 74 75 64 69 6F 20
53 6F 6C 75 74 69 6F 6E
20 46 69 6C 65
 Microsof
t Visual
 Studio
Solution
 File
SLN Visual Studio .NET Solution file
[84 byte offset]
4D 69 63 72 6F 73 6F 66
74 20 57 69 6E 64 6F 77
73 20 4D 65 64 69 61 20
50 6C 61 79 65 72 20 2D
2D 20
 [84 byte offset]
Microsof
t Window
s Media
Player -
-
WPL Windows Media Player playlist
4D 73 52 63 66 MsRcf
GDB VMapSource GPS Waypoint Database
4E 41 56 54 52 41 46 46
49 43
 NAVTRAFF
IC
DAT TomTom traffic data file
4E 42 2A 00 NB*.
JNT, JTP MS Windows journal file
4E 45 53 4D 1A 01 NESM..
NSF NES Sound file
4E 49 54 46 30 NITF0
NTF National Imagery Transmission Format (NITF) file
4E 61 6D 65 3A 20 Name:
COD Agent newsreader character map file
4F 50 4C 44 61 74 61 62
61 73 65 46 69 6C 65
 OPLDatab
aseFile
DBF Psion Series 3 Database file
4F 67 67 53 00 02 00 00
00 00 00 00 00 00
 OggS....
......
OGA, OGG, OGV, OGX Ogg Vorbis Codec compressed Multimedia file
4F 7B O{
DW4 Visio/DisplayWrite 4 text file (unconfirmed)
50 00 00 00 20 00 00 00 P... ...
IDX Quicken QuickFinder Information File
50 35 0A P5.
PGM Portable Graymap Graphic
50 41 43 4B PACK
PAK Quake archive file
50 41 47 45 44 55 36 34 PAGEDU64
DMP Windows 64-bit memory dump
50 41 47 45 44 55 4D 50 PAGEDUMP
DMP Windows memory dump
50 41 58 PAX
PAX PAX password protected bitmap
50 45 53 54 PEST
DAT PestPatrol data/scan strings
50 47 50 64 4D 41 49 4E PGPdMAIN
PGD PGP disk image
50 49 43 54 00 08 PICT..
IMG ADEX Corp. ChromaGraph Graphics Card Bitmap Graphic file
50 4B 03 04 PK..
ZIP PKZIP archive file (Ref. 1 | Ref. 2)
Trailer: filename 50 4B 17 characters 00 00 00
Trailer: (filename PK 17 characters ...)
ZIP Apple Mac OS X Dashboard Widget, Aston Shell theme, Oolite eXpansion Pack,
Opera Widget, Pivot Style Template, Rockbox Theme package, Simple Machines
Forums theme, SubEthaEdit Mode, Trillian zipped skin, Virtual Skipper skin
JAR Java archive; compressed file package for classes and data
KMZ Google Earth saved working session file
KWD KWord document
ODT, ODP, OTT OpenDocument text document, presentation, and text document template, respectively.
SXC, SXD, SXI, SXW OpenOffice spreadsheet (Calc), drawing (Draw), presentation (Impress),
and word processing (Writer) files, respectively.
SXC StarOffice spreadsheet
WMZ Windows Media compressed skin file
XPI Mozilla Browser Archive
XPS XML paper specification file
XPT eXact Packager Models
50 4B 03 04 14 00 01 00
63 00 00 00 00 00
 PK......
c.....
ZIP ZLock Pro encrypted ZIP
50 4B 03 04 14 00 06 00 PK......
DOCX, PPTX, XLSX Microsoft Office Open XML Format (OOXML) Document
NOTE: There is no subheader for MS OOXML files as there is with
DOC, PPT, and XLS files. To better understand the format of these files,
rename any OOXML file to have a .ZIP extension and then unZIP the file;
look at the resultant file named [Content_Types].xml to see the content
types. In particular, look for the <Override PartName= tag, where you
will find wordppt, or xl, respectively.

Trailer: Look for 50 4B 05 06 (PK..) followed by 18 additional bytes
at the end of the file.
50 4B 03 04 14 00 08 00
08 00
 PK......
..
JAR Java archive
50 4B 05 06 PK..
50 4B 07 08 PK..
ZIP PKZIP empty and multivolume archive file, respectively
[30 byte offset]
50 4B 4C 49 54 45
 [30 byte offset]
PKLITE
ZIP PKLITE compressed ZIP archive (see also PKZIP)
[526 byte offset]
50 4B 53 70 58
 [526 byte offset]
PKSFX
ZIP PKSFX self-extracting executable compressed file (see also PKZIP)
50 4D 43 43 PMCC
GRP Windows Program Manager group file
50 4E 43 49 55 4E 44 4F PNCIUNDO
DAT Norton Disk Doctor undo file
[92 byte offset]
51 45 4C 20
 [92 byte offset]
QEL
QEL Quicken data file
51 46 49 FB QFIû
IMG QEMU Qcow Disk Image
51 57 20 56 65 72 2E 20 QW Ver.
ABD, QSD Quicken data file
52 41 5A 41 54 44 42 31 RAZATDB1
DAT Shareaza (Windows P2P client) thumbnail
52 45 47 45 44 49 54 REGEDIT
REG, SUD Windows NT Registry and Registry Undo files
52 45 56 4E 55 4D 3A 2C REVNUM:,
ADF Antenna data file
52 49 46 46 RIFF
ANI Windows animated cursor
CMX Corel Presentation Exchange (Corel 10 CMX) Metafile
CDR CorelDraw document
DAT Video CD MPEG or MPEG1 movie file
DS4 Micrografx Designer v4 graphic file
4XM 4X Movie video
52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
41 56 49 20 4C 49 53 54
 RIFF....
AVI LIST
AVI Resource Interchange File Format -- Windows Audio
Video Interleave file

52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
43 44 44 41 66 6D 74 20
 RIFF....
CDDAfmt
CDA Resource Interchange File Format -- Compact Disc
Digital Audio (CD-DA) file
52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
51 4C 43 4D 66 6D 74 20
 RIFF....
QLCMfmt
QCP Resource Interchange File Format -- Qualcomm
PureVoice
52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
52 4D 49 44 64 61 74 61
 RIFF....
RMIDdata
RMI Resource Interchange File Format -- Windows Musical
Instrument Digital Interface file

52 49 46 46 xx xx xx xx
57 41 56 45 66 6D 74 20
 RIFF....
WAVEfmt
WAV Resource Interchange File Format -- Audio for
Windows file

52 54 53 53 RTSS
CAP Windows NT Netmon capture file
52 61 72 21 1A 07 00 Rar!...
RAR WinRAR compressed archive file
52 65 74 75 72 6E 2D 50
61 74 68 3A 20
 Return-P
ath:
EML A commmon file extension for e-mail files.
53 43 48 6C SCHl
AST Need for Speed: Underground Audio file
53 43 4D 49 SCMI
IMG Img Software Set Bitmap
53 48 4F 57 SHOW
SHW Harvard Graphics DOS Ver. 2/x Presentation file
53 49 45 54 52 4F 4E 49
43 53 20 58 52 44 20 53
43 41 4E
 SIETRONI
CS XRD S
CAN
CPI Sietronics CPI XRD document
53 49 54 21 00 SIT!.
SIT StuffIt compressed archive
53 4D 41 52 54 44 52 57 SMARTDRW
SDR SmartDraw Drawing file
53 50 46 49 00 SPFI.
SPF StorageCraft ShadownProtect backup file
53 51 4C 4F 43 4F 4E 56
48 44 00 00 31 2E 30 00
 SQLOCONV
HD..1.0.
CNV DB2 conversion file
53 51 4C 69 74 65 20 66
6F 72 6D 61 74 20 33 00
 SQLite f
ormat 3.
DB SQLite database file
53 5A 20 88 F0 27 33 D1 SZ ˆð'3Ñ
n/a QBASIC SZDD file header variant. (See the SZDD or KWAJ format entries
for additional information.)
53 5A 44 44 88 F0 27 33 SZDDˆð'3
n/a SZDD file format used by DOS COMPRESS.EXE and EXPAND.EXE commands.
This command compresses a single file, replacing the last character in the file name
with an underscore or dollar sign, e.g., FOO.BAZ would be renamed FOO.BA_ or
FOO.BA$. (See the SZDD/KWAJ page for more information.)
53 6D 62 6C Smbl
SYM (Unconfirmed file type. Likely type is Harvard Graphics
Version 2.x graphic symbol or Windows SDK graphic symbol)
53 74 75 66 66 49 74 20
28 63 29 31 39 39 37 2D
 StuffIt
(c)1997-
SIT StuffIt compressed archive
53 75 70 65 72 43 61 6C
63
 SuperCal
c
CAL SuperCalc worksheet
54 68 69 73 20 69 73 20 This is
INFO UNIX GNU Info Reader File
55 43 45 58 UCEX
UCE Unicode extensions
55 46 41 C6 D2 C1 UFAÆÒÁ
UFA UFA compressed archive
55 46 4F 4F 72 62 69 74 UFOOrbit
DAT UFO Capture v2 map file
56 43 50 43 48 30 VCPCH0
PCH Visual C PreCompiled header file
56 45 52 53 49 4F 4E 20 VERSION
CTL Visual Basic User-defined Control file
56 65 72 73 69 6F 6E 20 Version
MIF MapInfo Interchange Format file
57 4D 4D 50 WMMP
DAT Walkman MP3 container file
57 53 32 30 30 30 WS2000
WS2 WordStar for Windows Ver. 2 document
[29,152 byte offset]
57 69 6E 5A 69 70
 [29,152 byte offset]
WinZip
ZIP WinZip compressed archive
57 6F 72 64 50 72 6F WordPro
LWP Lotus WordPro document.
58 2D X-
EML A commmon file extension for e-mail files. This variant is
for Exchange.
58 43 50 00 XCP.
CAP Cinco NetXRay, Network General Sniffer, and
Network Associates Sniffer capture file
58 50 43 4F 4D 0A 54 79
70 65 4C 69 62
 XPCOM.Ty
peLib
XPT XPCOM type libraries for the XPIDL compiler
58 54 XT..
BDR MS Publisher border
5A 4F 4F 20 ZOO
ZOO ZOO compressed archive
5B 47 65 6E 65 72 61 6C
5D 0D 0A 44 69 73 70 6C
61 79 20 4E 61 6D 65 3D
3C 44 69 73 70 6C 61 79
4E 61 6D 65
 [General
]..Displ
ay Name=
<Display
Name
ECF MS Exchange 2007 extended configuration file
5B 4D 53 56 43 [MSVC
VCW Microsoft Visual C++ Workbench Information File
5B 50 68 6F 6E 65 5D [Phone]
DUN Dial-up networking file
5B 56 45 52 5D or [VER]
5B 76 65 72 5D or [ver]
SAM Lotus AMI Pro document
[2 byte offset]
5B 56 65 72 73 69 6F 6E
 [2 byte offset]
[Version
CIF (Unknown file type)
5B 57 69 6E 64 6F 77 73
20 4C 61 74 69 6E 20
 [Windows
 Latin
CPX Microsoft Code Page Translation file
5B 66 6C 74 73 69 6D 2E
30 5D
 [fltsim.
0]
CFG Flight Simulator Aircraft Configuration file
5B 70 6C 61 79 6C 69 73
74 5D
 [playlis
t]
PLS WinAmp Playlist file
5F 27 A8 89 _'¨‰
JAR Jar archive
5F 43 41 53 45 5F _CASE_
CAS, CBK EnCase case file (and backup)
60 EA 
ARJ Compressed archive file
62 65 67 69 6E begin
n/a UUencoded files start with a string:
  begin mode path
where mode is the set of permissions as used in
Linux/Unix and path is the name given to the decoded
file. (See this uuencode page for more information.)
62 70 6C 69 73 74 bplist
plist Binary property list (plist)
(NOTE: Next two bytes are the version number, currently
0x30-30, or "00")
63 6F 6E 65 63 74 69 78 conectix
VHD Virtual PC Virtual HD image
63 75 73 68 00 00 00 02
00 00 00
 cush....
...
CSH Photoshop Custom Shape
64 00 00 00 d...
P10 Intel PROset/Wireless Profile
64 65 78 0A 30 30 39 00 dex.009.
dex Dalvik executable file (Android)
64 73 77 66 69 6C 65 dswfile
DSW Microsoft Visual Studio workspace file
64 6E 73 2E dns.
AU Audacity audio file
66 49 00 00 fI..
-
SHD Windows NT printer spool file
66 4C 61 43 00 00 00 22 fLaC..."
FLAC Free Lossless Audio Codec file
67 49 00 00 gI..
-
SHD Windows 2000/XP printer spool file
68 49 00 00 hI..
-
SHD Windows Server 2003 printer spool file
6C 33 33 6C l33l
DBB Skype user data file (profile and contacts)
[4 byte offset]
6D 6F 6F 76
 [4 byte offset]
moov
MOV QuickTime movie file
.MOV files have a complicated file signature. The string "moov" is the most common but I have also seen:
  0x66-72-65-65   free
  0x6D-64-61-74   mdat
  0x77-69-64-65   wide

And the following have been reported to me:
  0x70-6E-6F-74   pnot
  0x73-6B-69-70   skip

Furthermore, if you look at byte position xxxxxxxx+4 (where xxxxxxxx is bytes 0-3 of the header), you
will find one (or more!) of these strings repeated; the string "freeseems to be the most common. For
more information, see the QuickTime File Format page. (Thanks to D. Wright for getting me started on this!)
6F 3C o<
n/a Short Message Service (SMS), or text, message stored on a
Subscriber Identification Module (SIM).
72 65 67 66 regf
DAT Windows NT registry hive file
72 69 66 66 riff
ACD Sonic Foundry Acid Music File (Sony)
72 74 73 70 3A 2F 2F rtsp://
RAM RealMedia metafile
73 6C 68 21 or slh!
73 6C 68 2E slh.
DAT Allegro Generic Packfile Data file (0x21 = compressed,
0x2E = uncompressed)
73 6D 5F sm_
PDB PalmOS SuperMemo file
73 72 63 64 6F 63 69 64
3A
 srcdocid
:
CAL CALS raster bitmap file
73 7A 65 7A szez
PDB PowerBASIC Debugger Symbols file
[60 byte offset]
74 42 4D 50 4B 6E 57 72
 [60 byte offset]
tBMPKnWr
PRC PathWay Map file, used with GPS devices
[257 byte offset]
75 73 74 61 72
 [257 byte offset]
ustar
TAR Tape Archive file (http://www.mkssoftware.com/docs/man4/tar.4.asp)
76 32 30 30 33 2E 31 30
0D 0A 30 0D 0A
 v2003.10
..0..
FLT Qimage filter
78 x
DMG Mac OS X Disk Copy Disk Image file
7A 62 65 78 zbex
INFO ZoomBrowser Image Index file (ZbThumbnal.info)
7B 0D 0A 6F 20 {..o
LGC, LGD Windows application log
7B 5C 70 77 69 {\pwi
PWI Microsoft Windows Mobile personal note file
7B 5C 72 74 66 31 {\rtf1
RTF Rich text format word processing file
Trailer: 5C 70 61 72 20 7D 7D (\par }})
7E 42 4B 00 ~BK.
PSP Corel Paint Shop Pro image file
7F 45 4C 46 .ELF
n/a Executable and Linking Format executable file (Linux/Unix)
80 .
OBJ Relocatable object code
80 00 00 20 03 12 04 .......
ADX Dreamcast audio file
81 32 84 C1 85 05 D0 11
B2 90 00 AA 00 3C F6 76
 .2„Á….Ð.
²..ª.<öv
WAB Outlook Express address book (Win95)
81 CD AB .Í«
WPF WordPerfect text file
89 50 4E 47 0D 0A 1A 0A ‰PNG....
PNG Portable Network Graphics file
Trailer: 49 45 4E 44 AE 42 60 82 (IEND®B`‚...)
8A 01 09 00 00 00 E1 08
00 00 99 19
 Š.....á.
..™.
AW MS Answer Wizard file
91 33 48 46 ‘3HF
HAP Hamarsoft HAP 3.x compressed archive
95 00 or •.
95 01 •.
SKR PGP secret keyring file
99 
GPG GNU Privacy Guard (GPG) public keyring
99 01 ™.
PKR PGP public keyring file
9C CB CB 8D 13 75 D2 11
91 58 00 C0 4F 79 56 A4
 œËË..UÒ.
‘X.ÀOyV¤
WAB Outlook address file
[512 byte offset]
A0 46 1D F0
 [512 byte offset]
 F.ð
PPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office)
A1 B2 C3 D4 ¡²ÃÔ
n/a tcpdump (libpcap) capture file (Linux/Unix)
A1 B2 CD 34 ¡²Í4
n/a Extended tcpdump (libpcap) capture file (Linux/Unix)
A9 0D 00 00 00 00 00 00 ©.......
DAT Access Data FTK evidence file
AC 9E BD 8F 00 00 ¬.½...
QDF Quicken data file
AC ED ¬í
n/a Java serialization data (see Object Serialization Stream Protocol)
AC ED 00 05 73 72 00 12
62 67 62 6C 69 74 7A 2E
 ¬í..sr..
bgblitz.
PDB BGBlitz (professional Backgammon software) position database file
B0 4D 46 43 °MFC
PWL Windows 95 password file
B1 68 DE 3A ±hÞ:
DCX Graphics Multipage PCX bitmap file
B4 6E 68 44 ´nhd
TIB Acronis True Image file
B5 A2 B0 B3 B3 B0 A5 B5 µ¢°³³°¥µ
CAL Windows calendar file
BE 00 00 00 AB 00 00 00
00 00 00 00 00
 ¾...«...
....
WRI MS Write file
C3 AB CD AB Ã«Í«
ACS MS Agent Character file
C5 D0 D3 C6 ÅÐÓÆ
EPS Adobe encapsulated PostScript file
C8 00 79 00 È.y.
LBK Jeppesen FliteLog file
CA FE BA BE Êþº¾
CLASS Java bytecode file
CD 20 AA AA 02 00 00 00 Í ªª....
n/a Norton Anti-Virus quarantined virus file
CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 00 Ï.ࡱ.á.
DOC Perfect Office document
[Note similarity to MS Office header, below]
CF AD 12 FE Ï­.þ
DBX Outlook Express e-mail folder
D0 CF 11 E0 A1 B1 1A E1 ÐÏ.ࡱ.á
DOC, DOT, PPS, PPT, XLA, XLS, WIZ Microsoft Office applications (Word, Powerpoint, Excel, Wizard)
[See also Word, Powerpoint, and Excel "subheaders" at byte offset 512]
[Note the similarity between D0 CF 11 E0 and the word "docfile"!]
AC_ CaseWare Working Papers compressed client file
ADP Access project file
APR Lotus/IBM Approach 97 file
DB MSWorks database file
MSC Microsoft Common Console Document
MSI Microsoft Installer package
MTW Minitab data file
OPT Developer Studio File Workspace Options file
PUB MS Publisher file
QBM QuickBooks Portable Company File
RVT Revit Project file
SOU Visual Studio Solution User Options file
SPO SPSS output file
VSD Visio file
WPS MSWorks text document
D2 0A 00 00 Ò...
FTR GN Nettest WinPharoah filter file
D4 2A Ô*
ARL, AUT AOL history (ARL) and typed URL (AUT) files
D4 C3 B2 A1 Ôò¡
n/a WinDump (winpcap) capture file (Windows)
D7 CD C6 9A ×ÍÆš
WMF Windows graphics metafile
DB A5 2D 00 Û¥-.
DOC Word 2.0 file
DC DC ÜÜ
CPL Corel color palette file
DC FE Üþ
EFX eFax file format
E3 10 00 01 00 00 00 00 ã.......
INFO Amiga Icon file
E3 82 85 96 ã‚…–
PWL Windows 98 password file
E4 52 5C 7B 8C D8 A7 4D
AE B1 53 78 D0 29 96 D3
 äR\{ŒØ§M
®±SxÐ)–Ó
ONE Microsoft OneNote note
E8 or è
E9 or é
EB ë
COM, SYS Windows executable file
EB 3C 90 2A ë<.*
IMG GEM Raster file
[512 byte offset]
EC A5 C1 00
 [512 byte offset]
ì¥Á.
DOC Word document subheader (MS Office)
ED AB EE DB í«îÛ
RPM RedHat Package Manager file
EF BB BF ï»¿
n/a Byte-order mark for 8-bit Unicode Transformation Format
(UTF-8) files. (See the Unicode Home Page.)
[At a cluster boundary]
F0 FF FF
 [At a cluster boundary]
ðÿÿ
n/a FAT12 File Allocation Table
[At a cluster boundary]
F8 FF FF FF
 [At a cluster boundary]
øÿÿÿ
n/a FAT16 File Allocation Table
[At a cluster boundary]
F8 FF FF 0F FF FF FF FF
 [At a cluster boundary]
øÿÿ.ÿÿÿÿ
n/a FAT32 File Allocation Table
[512 byte offset]
FD FF FF FF 04
 [512 byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ.
QBM QuickBooks Portable Company File
SUO Visual Studio Solution User Options subheader (MS Office)
[512 byte offset]
FD FF FF FF nn 00 00 00
 [512 byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ....
PPT PowerPoint presentation subheader (MS Office)
(where nn has been seen with values 0x0E, 0x1C, and 0x43)
[512 byte offset]
FD FF FF FF nn 00
 [512 byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ..
or
[512 byte offset]
FD FF FF FF nn 02
 [512 byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ..
XLS Excel spreadsheet subheader (MS Office)
(where nn = 0x10, 0x1F, 0x22, 0x23, 0x28, or 0x29)
[512 byte offset]
FD FF FF FF 20 00 00 00
 [512 byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ ...
OPT Developer Studio File Workspace Options subheader (MS Office)
XLS Excel spreadsheet subheader (MS Office)
[512 byte offset]
FD FF FF FF xx xx xx xx
xx xx xx xx 04 00 00 00
 [512 byte offset]
ýÿÿÿ....
........
DB Thumbs.db subheader (MS Office)
FE EF þï
GHO, GHS Symantex Ghost image file
FE FF þÿ
n/a Byte-order mark for 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
2-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-16/UCS-2), little-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)
FF ÿ
SYS Windows executable (SYS) file
FF 00 02 00 04 04 05 54
02 00
 ÿ......T
..
WKS Works for Windows spreadsheet file
FF 46 4F 4E 54 ÿFONT
CPI Windows international code page
FF 4B 45 59 42 20 20 20 ÿKEYB
SYS Keyboard driver file
FF 57 50 43 ÿWPC
WP, WPD, WPG, WPP, WP5, WP6 WordPerfect text and graphics file
FF D8 FF E0 xx xx 4A 46
49 46 00
 ÿØÿà..JF
IF.
JFIF, JPE, JPEG, JPG JPEG/JFIF graphics file
Trailer: FF D9 (ÿÙ)
FF D8 FF E1 xx xx 45 78
69 66 00
 ÿØÿá..Ex
if.
JPG Digital camera JPG using Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF)
Trailer: FF D9 (ÿÙ)
See "Using Extended File Information (EXIF) File Headers in Digital
Evidence Analysis"
 (P. Alvarez, IJDE2(3), Winter 2004) and
ExifTool Tag Names

FF D8 FF E8 xx xx 53 50
49 46 46 00
 ÿØÿè..SP
IFF.
JPG Still Picture Interchange File Format (SPIFF)
Trailer: FF D9 (ÿÙ)
NOTES on JPEG file headers: It appears that one can safely say that all JPEG files start with the three hex digits 0xFF-D8-FF.
The fourth digit is also indicative of JPEG content. Various options include:
FF Ex ÿ.
FF Fx ÿ.
MPEG, MPG, MP3 MPEG audio file frame synch pattern
FF FE ÿþ
REG Windows Registry file
n/a Byte-order mark for 16-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
2-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-16/UCS-2), big-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)
FF FE 00 00 ÿþ..
n/a Byte-order mark for 32-bit Unicode Transformation Format/
4-octet Universal Character Set (UTF-32/UCS-4), little-endian files.
(See the Unicode Home Page.)
FF FE 23 00 6C 00 69 00
6E 00 65 00 20 00 31 00
 ÿþ#.l.i.
n.e. .1.
MOF Windows MSinfo file
FF FF FF FF ÿÿÿÿ
SYS DOS system driver

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The following individuals have given me updates or suggestions for this list over the years: Devon Ackerman, Nazim Aliyev, Vladimir Benko, Arvin Bhatnagar, Sam Brothers, Per Christensson, Cornelis de Groot, Jeffrey Duggan, Jean-Pierre Fiset, Peter Almer Frederiksen, Tim Gardner, Paulo Guzmán, George Harpur, Brian High, Eric Huber, Broadus Jones, Axel Kesseler, Nick Khor, Bill Kuhns, Anand Mani, Kevin Mansell, Davyd McColl, Michal, Bruce Modick, Lee Nelson, Dan P., Jorge Paulhiac, Carlo Politi, Stanley Rainey, Cory Redfern, Bruce Robertson, Thomas Rösner, Mike Sutton, Matthias Sweertvaegher, Jason Wallace, Erik van de Burgwal, Franklin Webber, Gavin Williams, Mike Wilkinson, and David Wright. I thank them and apologize if I have missed anyone.
I would like to give particular thanks to Danny Mares of Mares and Company, author of the MaresWare Suite (primarily for the "subheaders" for many of the file types here), and the people at X-Ways Forensics for their permission to incorporate their lists of file signatures.

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