JNTU-HYD : B.Tech / B.Pharmacy 1,2,3,4 Years (I,II Sem) Regular/Supple Exam Time Tables (Nov/Dec 2012)

JNTU-HYD : B.Tech / B.Pharmacy 1,2,3,4 Years (I,II Sem) Regular/Supple Exam Time Tables (Nov/Dec 2012)

Download B.Tech/B.Pharmacy Previous Question Papers of all branches (2008-2012) Here

B.Pharmacy 1,2,3,4 Years (I,II Sem) Regular/Supple Exams Time Tables (Nov/Dec 2012)

Code:

http://jwfiles.net/4o9yrpntqbvc/BPHA...TABLE.pdf.html

B.Tech 1,2,3,4 Years (I,II Sem) Regular/Supple Exams Time Tables (Nov/Dec 2012)

Note : Just click on the respective Years/Semesters/Regulations to download the time tables.
R09 = For 2009, 2010,2011,2012 Regular and 2010, 2011,2012,2013 Lateral Entry admitted batches only.
R07 = For 2007, 2008 Regular and 2008, 2009 Lateral Entry admitted batches only.
R05 = For 2005, 2006 Regular and 2006, 2007 Lateral Entry admitted batches only.
RR = For 2002, 2003 and 2004 Regular and 2003, 2004 and 2005 Lateral Entry admitted batches only.

1st Year Supple (R09) - All Branches	1st Year Supple (R07) - All Branches
1st Year Supple (R05) - All Branches	2-1 Regular/Supple (R09) - All Branches
2-1 Supple (R07) - All Branches	2-1 Supple (R05) - All Branches
2-1 Supple (RR) - All Branches	2-2 Supple (R09) - All Branches
2-2 Supple (R07) - All Branches	2-2 Supple (R05) - All Branches
2-2 Supple (RR) - All Branches	3-1 Regular/Supple (R09) - All Branches
3-1 Supple (R07) - All Branches	3-1 Supple (R05) - All Branches
3-1 Supple (RR) - All Branches	3-2 Supple (R09) - All Branches
3-2 Supple (R07) - All Branches	3-2 Supple (R05) - All Branches
3-2 Supple (RR) - All Branches	4-1 Regular (R09) - All Branches
4-1 Supple (R07) - All Branches	4-1 Supple (R05) - All Branches
4-1 Supple (RR) - All Branches

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What is the Difference Between a CV and a Resume?

Is there a difference?
I imagine that many people, on reading the title of this article, laughed smugly to themselves, then wandered off thinking vague thoughts about the English and Americans having different names for the same thing. If you were one of these people, then don’t worry – you’re right! Or at least you’re partially right. In general, CVs are used throughout most of the world, while resumes are the common format in America. However, there are significant differences between the two documents, and if you plan to succeed in the employment market it is important that you are familiar with the features and uses of both. Let’s go through them one at a time.
The differences in brief
At first glance, the differences between the two seem slight. Both consist of a structured list of facts that allows you to impart relevant information about your skills and achievements to an employer as quickly and simply as possible.
Although in essence they both serve the same purpose, the main difference between a CV and a resume is that a CV acts as a complete record of your professional history, while a resume is a short, targeted list of transferable skills and accomplishments, intended to show how you can be of specific benefit to the particular company to which you are applying.
As I mentioned earlier, throughout most of the world, the CV is the standard format for job applications. However, in the US, resumes are more common, and CVs are reserved almost completely for jobs in academia or when applying for grants. As a result, many international workers possess both a CV and a resume and choose between them as necessary.
In the following sections, I shall discuss the features of each type of document in more detail, and close with a brief look at how to decide which one is best for you.
Features of a CV
A CV, or Curriculum Vitae, to give it its Latin name, is an account of your entire education and employment history. The term translates as ‘course of life’, and it really is that – a record of your working life so far. It is far more detailed than a resume, from which elements are often excluded if they are considered irrelevant. A CV should include everything you’ve ever done, listed in reverse chronological order, to make it easier to prioritise more recent information. As a result, a CV is longer than a resume, although two pages is the recommended length.
Information in a CV is arranged according to subheadings, to make it easier for the reader to quickly skim through and find the information he or she needs. Remember, your CV is intended to let prospective employers find out about you in the hope that they will offer you a job, so it’s in your interest to make it easy to understand!
The sections of a CV may include the following, although many sections can be moved up or down depending on what information is relevant for the specific job.

1. Profile/Objectives – a short statement, tailored to fit the requirements of the prospective employer;
2. Education/Qualifications – a list of institutions and courses, with grades awarded and dates attended;
3. Skills/Competencies – any skills or achievements that are relevant to the job. You can include most things, but be sensible – there is no need to mention the 10m swimming badge you got when you were six!
4. Career Summary – this should be the most detailed part, it can be moved higher up the document if necessary. Each job should have a short description of the skills you used and your achievements within the role. A few bullet points are sufficient, with more detailed accounts of more recent/relevant positions.

Features of a resume
A resume should be a shorter, more focused account of your relevant skills and achievements. Although the exact length of a resume is open to debate, in general it should not exceed one page in length, and it’s safer to be conventional; after all, you want to get the job. It’s fine to miss things out of a resume to keep the length down; you should only include the things that are most relevant to the position you are targeting. Resumes also often miss out some of the more personal details that CVs include, such as hobbies and interests.
As with CVs, resumes are usually organised into a few essential sections. However, one key difference between a CV and a resume is that resumes are focused on your skills and accomplishments, rather than providing an objective account of your history. As a result, resumes often feature aggrandising language, and tend to be more obviously self-promoting than CVs.
You can afford to be a bit less formal with the structure of a resume than with a CV, and there is a wider scope for creative presentation. That said, there are three main formats that are generally used:

1. Chronological – this is the most common format, and is very similar in organisation to a CV;
2. Functional – your skills/qualifications act as a backbone, around which the rest of the resume is structured;
3. Focused – as above, but with the content organised in relation to the targeted position.

It is often better to stick to one of these tried and tested formats than to attempt to wow an employer with your own unique design. These have a chance of backfiring if your reader doesn’t like them, so why take the risk? The only time I could see the point of designing your own format is if you are entering a creative field, such as design.
What to use, and when to use it
The general rule to go by here is that if you are in America, use a resume, and if you are anywhere else in the world, use a CV. However, if you are applying for an academic position, or for a grant, it is better to send a CV, regardless of where you are. Things are further complicated by the rising popularity in the UK of short CVs, which, at less than two pages, are confusingly similar to a resume.
One of the main reasons to have a short CV was to stand out from the crowd, but almost everybody follows this model and it no longer has the same impact as it used to. As a result, the old style of CV is making a comeback, for the same reasons that it disappeared in the first place. Whether you choose to follow the trend, or stick with convention is up to you. Personally, I have both kinds, and I decide which version to send out on a per-company basis.

In fact, it is safer to make two versions anyway. Set aside some time and write yourself both a CV and a resume; it doesn’t take much effort, and it means that you’ll always have the correct document to hand, whatever you are asked for. You can even hire a copywriting agency to do it for you. Copywriters write both CVs and resumes on a regular basis, and will be familiar with the conventions of each. If you don’t want to pay for a copywriter, have a look at some CV and resume samples and use them to help you write your own.
You’d be surprised how many people don’t know the difference between a CV and a resume. Whichever one you decide to go for, follow the conventions and write to the strengths of your chosen format, and the interviews should come flooding in. You’ll soon be on your way to that dream job.
Article Source: http://EzineArticles.com/283507

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Forums community is the best innovative society where people flow their artwork contributing with all the people and bloggers all over the world. Well Forums are free to use but they still need a valid registration process to be carried out before you can get and view any posts, not all the forums are restricted to registration but still 90% have this issue and to take over it the one way is using RoboForm but it needs to be purchased and other steps are their but an easy and free way is using Google's cache option.

Google's cache simply stores an image of what the site actually looks like, well more than thay all the links are active + you can watch the whole website in text mode too. So Google's robots are not restricted to view the contents of that form so they bypass the registration process and stores that forums pages in its database so if websites is down you can access the cache to view the websites content. So we are going to use it so check below steps on how you go through this process.

1. Just copy the url of forums post which when clicked asks you for the registration.
2. Now just paste that url in google and most problem google will have that url cached.
3. Now just click on the small arrow which you get on the right of every search result, and you will see something like above the Cached - Similar option.
4. Just click on the Cached option and you will see that page without any registration problem.

Now this trick works for many forums and other websites, but still this can have impact when cache option is disabled by the forums or site owners. So give it a try and if you still find any little problem make sure to use the below comment’s system to store query.

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Part 1: Experiments With Windows 8 – Getting started guide

Microsoft unveiled new Windows 8 operating system and new development improvements on September 13, 2011, day one of the BUILD developer conference. Microsoft released a developer preview of Windows 8 for the developer community to download and start working with. This developer preview includes tools for building "metro style apps", such as Microsoft Windows SDK, Microsoft Visual Studio 11 Express Developer Preview and Microsoft Expression Blend 5 developer preview. Microsoft has shown a development roadmap at the BUILD conference over the course of 3 days.

Downloading & Installing Windows 8:

• Download the Windows 8 OS Developer Preview @ -http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/apps/br229516
• Official Microsoft Windows 8 Dev Center site for more information – http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/

Note: The size of the Windows 8 ISO file is 4.8 GB which requires a large DVD format. You cannot use the normal DVD format as it is around 4.3 to 4.4 GB size only. The best option is to use the USB flash drive which is of size 5 GB or higher. Information to install Windows 8 using USB drive can be found at http://liliputing.com/2011/09/how-to-install-windows-8-using-a-usb-flash-drive.html.

Fig 1 showing my old dell laptop re-imaged with windows 8 developer preview operating system and my Windows 7 laptop side by side. 

Fig 2 showing my new Windows 8 start screen connected to my Twitter, Facebook, weather updates, blog updates and much more.

Windows 8 is the codename for the next version of the Microsoft Windows computer operating system following Windows 7. It adds support for ARM microprocessors in addition to the previously supported x86 microprocessors from Intel and AMD. A new Metro-style interface has been added that was designed for touchscreen input in addition to mouse, keyboard, and pen input. Its server version is codenamed Windows Server 8.

The cool feature is a new authentication method allows users to sketch in three different places over the picture to login, instead of typing a password. Currently, I am using this feature to login to my machine.

Windows 8 contains a new user interface based on Microsoft’s design language named Metro. With the new change, the Start Menu was replaced in favor of the new Start Screen, where there are tiles that contain shortcuts to applications grouped by type, Metro style applications, and updating tiles as shown in the above Fig 1. Windows Explorer now uses a ribbon interface, similar to those used in Microsoft Office applications.

Observations of a developer:

The languages that are directly supported by Microsoft for writing applications for Windows 8 are JavaScript and HTML, Visual Basic, C++, and C#, but there are many third party compilers which allow application development for the platform, for example, Free Pascal allows writing Object Pascal applications.

Fig 3 showing the screenshot of the Windows 8 Platform and tools snatched from the build conference.

We all know about desktop apps. Coming to the new Metro style App model, Metro is a code name for a typography-based design language created by Microsoft. Microsoft’s "re-imagining" of Windows 8 is focused very heavily on a new, Metro-style touch-based interface. You can switch between the simple Metro interface and the traditional Windows desktop to fit whatever your needs are at that given moment.

Metro Style Application:

Windows 8 represents Microsoft’s first official entry into the tablet space, and the Metro UI is how developers deliver unique multi-touch experiences to this new platform. WinRT is the OOP replacement for Win32. A Metro Style Application is a full screen applications integrated according to user’s choice.

There are many features it integrates such as given below.

Immersive and Fluid : Your Metro style apps fill the entire screen for an engaging experience and saving you from any distraction. Apps can adapt to a variety of form factors and screen resolutions, and can work on x86, x64, and ARM platforms.

Engaging : Metro style apps engage users with the info they are interested in and the people they care about. Live tiles present activity updates to users at a glance and the Start screen shows off what apps are great at.

Everywhere : Your apps are ready for you on any Windows 8 PC you use. When   you sign in with your connected Microsoft account to a PC running Windows 8, your Metro style apps and settings go with you. You’ll also be signed in to all of the websites you were signed in to.

Work Together : Metro style apps can communicate with each other in Windows 8, making it easier to search, share, and send content between them. So, if you want to send pictures in email, and they’re in different places like Facebook or on your hard drive, you can easily pick and send the ones you want.

Always On : Metro style apps run and stay up to date even when the PC is on standby. When Windows comes out of standby, your apps don’t need time to catch up.

Multitasking : While apps immerse your users in a full screen environment, Windows also makes it possible for them to multitask. The Snapped view allows users to do more than one thing at once while the Filled view allows users to snap one app and keep another app in the fill space.

Windows 8 Platform and tools:

I think the below picture is a way more accurate picture of the Windows 8 platform architecture.
Information for Windows 8 software Development:

• Metro applications are now officially the first class applications that can fully leverages the touch features of Windows.
• Expression Blend 5 now supports editing HTML5, much like you use it for editing XAML.
• Support for Wide Variety of Hardware.
  • The hardware support for Windows 8 seems really awesome. The demos features Windows 8 running on a variety of hardware devices
  • New and improved features include
    • Multi monitor support with start button on all screens
    • Hyper V Support for client
    • USB 3 Support
    • Hardware acceleration for all applications
    • Malware detection in boot strap.
    • A boot mode called “Cold Boot“ which is super fast
• Windows Live integration
  • The whole suite of Windows Live services are neatly integrated with Windows 8.
  • All the Windows Live applications (Mail, Calendar, Photos) are now developed in JavaScript/HTML5 and is native.
  • You can connect multiple devices via Windows Live
• New APIs and Extension Points
  • Charms: Apps can share charms, to inter-operate. For example, an “Insert Picture” dialog box can show you results from other applications that can handle the image/picture data type.
  • Direct Compute API: Enables you to leverage the power of GPU in your applications
  • Sensor Fusion API : A Single API for all your sensors like Accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope
• To a great extent, your XAML assets can be reused across multiple devices – desktops, slates and phone.
• Windows 8 Store.
  • Transparent approval process
  • Developers can publish applications right from Visual Studio.
• If you want to build a new Metro style app, you have four options to choose from:
  1. XAML and .NET (C# or VB). You don’t have to giving up too much in the .NET Framework (remember, you only give up what is forbidden by the Application Container), and you get access to WinRT APIs for sensor input and other system resources.
  2. XAML and C++. You can use your skills in XAML and C++ in order to leverage (or even extend) WinRT. Of course you don’t get the benefit of the .NET Framework, but hey….some people like managing their own garbage collection.
  3. HTML and JavaScript. You can leverage the skills you have in UI layout, and make calls from JavaScript to WinRT for access to system resources, and sensor input. Which means you can now develop native Windows applications using JavaScript and HTML by accessing native WinRT APIs straight from Java script. This is particularly interesting because JavaScript development model suits a lot of cloud based applications, and now JS developers can develop first class Windows 8 applications.
  4. DirectX and C++. If you’re building an immersive game you can use DirectX and access the device sensors and system resources through C++ and WinRT.

More on WinRT API’s, Metro, developer insights and sample code in the up coming blogs.

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National Eligibility cum Entrance Test NEET

This system is expected to be amended from the year 2011 onwards. Before
 its inception itself, the system has won several opinions; both
positive and negative!

Pros and Cons of the Medical Entrance – NEET

Though the system is been designed with positive objectives, expecting
favorable medical consequences; it has surrounded with people’s
perception about the system implementation; some voting for advantages
and others were serious about their thoughts of its disadvantages!

Pros:

    It would definitely demolish the jeopardy happened due to the
countless entrance exams that were conducted by every
colleges/universities for medical admissions. This single system for
medical entrance would solve the stress due to the complexities of
numerous entrance tests!
    It would save time, energy and money of the students. The students
would have spent a lot every time, while applying for the entrance
exams; such costs would be saved from now onwards!
    This system is certainly a positive growth towards the quality
enhancements of the medical education standards in India.  In fact, the
MCI has designed the system very strictly that all the admissions would
be made merit based and even, it is insisting the same standard for
management quota too.
    The students’ sufferings due to multiple entrance exams are not
negligible! The fact that at the end of every academics, there were
numerous students running to the Supreme Court requesting justice on the
 cases, where they were treated worst due to the biased admissions;
flawed questions, etc… could not be forgotten! The efforts and
consideration of MCI on these issues are really appreciable and the
thought of single medical entrance test is awe-inspiring and it is
definitely would be a perfect solution to these problems!

Cons:

    Now, the medical competition has become an open ground, as it would
be the common entrance medical test and it would be controlled by the
central board; this would further induce pressure into the minds of the
students. When the entrance exam is implemented nationwide, the State
level policies and regulations wouldn’t be taken care of!
    The system didn’t include the management quota seats; it’s again a
big hole in the system. Having created a standard quality system based
on merits, but creating a loop hole to management based seats would not
complete the purpose of its creation.
    Earlier, the students had many opportunities of writing the entrance
 tests; according to a survey, on an average, a student writes around 10
 entrance tests to finally get admitted in his/her dream/desirable
medical colleges/universities. So, the chances of getting a seat were
high; if a student loses in one entrance exam, then he/she could work
and make it on the other, but those opportunities would not be possible
in this system. It is a single medical entrance system, hence the chance
 is only one; really meager! Hence, if a student loses in this exam, it
would end up in shattering his/her dreams on medical field!
    The AIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences) has been the top
medical educational provider from its inception in the year 1956. But,
the  NEET didn’t include institutions like, AIMS (All India Institute of
 Medical Sciences); which is a dream to any medical student.
    Since it is a single medical entrance system for around 30, 000
medical seats, the consistent of quality and implementation of
error-free system is highly questionable!

All India Medical Entrance Exam For MBBS

The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) will allow class XII
students to sit in a single entrance examination to get admission to
almost all medical colleges in India, including private medical
colleges, from 2011 academic year.

A single merit list will be created for close to 35,000 MBBS seats
across the country, which will show state, minorities and SC/ST quotas.

Management quota candidates should come from the national merit list.
The objective was to set up a standard for basic medical education.

Under-graduate courses at the AIIMS in New Delhi and Post-graduate
Institute for Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh may be
outside the NEET’s purview as these two institutes were set up by
separate laws, which need to be amended in Parliament to introduce the
new system.
NEET Application Forms
NEET Eligibility
NEET Colleges
NEET Exam Pattern

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National Eligibility cum Entrance Test NEET

National Eligibility cum Entrance Test NEET This system is expected to be amended from the year 2011 onwards. Before its inception itself, the system has won several opinions; both positive and negative! Pros and Cons of the Medical Entrance – NEET Though the system is been designed with positive objectives, expecting favorable medical consequences; it has surrounded with people’s perception about the system implementation; some voting for advantages and others were serious about their thoughts of its disadvantages! Pros: It would definitely demolish the jeopardy happened due to the countless entrance exams that were conducted by every colleges/universities for medical admissions. This single system for medical entrance would solve the stress due to the complexities of numerous entrance tests! It would save time, energy and money of the students. The students would have spent a lot every time, while applying for the entrance exams; such costs would be saved from now onwards! This system is certainly a positive growth towards the quality enhancements of the medical education standards in India. In fact, the MCI has designed the system very strictly that all the admissions would be made merit based and even, it is insisting the same standard for management quota too. The students’ sufferings due to multiple entrance exams are not negligible! The fact that at the end of every academics, there were numerous students running to the Supreme Court requesting justice on the cases, where they were treated worst due to the biased admissions; flawed questions, etc… could not be forgotten! The efforts and consideration of MCI on these issues are really appreciable and the thought of single medical entrance test is awe-inspiring and it is definitely would be a perfect solution to these problems! Cons: Now, the medical competition has become an open ground, as it would be the common entrance medical test and it would be controlled by the central board; this would further induce pressure into the minds of the students. When the entrance exam is implemented nationwide, the State level policies and regulations wouldn’t be taken care of! The system didn’t include the management quota seats; it’s again a big hole in the system. Having created a standard quality system based on merits, but creating a loop hole to management based seats would not complete the purpose of its creation. Earlier, the students had many opportunities of writing the entrance tests; according to a survey, on an average, a student writes around 10 entrance tests to finally get admitted in his/her dream/desirable medical colleges/universities. So, the chances of getting a seat were high; if a student loses in one entrance exam, then he/she could work and make it on the other, but those opportunities would not be possible in this system. It is a single medical entrance system, hence the chance is only one; really meager! Hence, if a student loses in this exam, it would end up in shattering his/her dreams on medical field! The AIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences) has been the top medical educational provider from its inception in the year 1956. But, the NEET didn’t include institutions like, AIMS (All India Institute of Medical Sciences); which is a dream to any medical student. Since it is a single medical entrance system for around 30, 000 medical seats, the consistent of quality and implementation of error-free system is highly questionable! All India Medical Entrance Exam For MBBS The National Eligibility cum Entrance Test (NEET) will allow class XII students to sit in a single entrance examination to get admission to almost all medical colleges in India, including private medical colleges, from 2011 academic year. A single merit list will be created for close to 35,000 MBBS seats across the country, which will show state, minorities and SC/ST quotas. Management quota candidates should come from the national merit list. The objective was to set up a standard for basic medical education. Under-graduate courses at the AIIMS in New Delhi and Post-graduate Institute for Medical Education and Research in Chandigarh may be outside the NEET’s purview as these two institutes were set up by separate laws, which need to be amended in Parliament to introduce the new system. NEET Application Forms NEET Eligibility NEET Colleges NEET Exam Pattern

Read more at: http://entrance.icbse.com/neet

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NEET UG Physics Syllabus

Class XI

UNIT I: Physical World and Measurement
Details:-

• Physics: Scope and excitement; nature of physical laws; Physics, technology and society.
• Need for measurement: Units of measurement; systems of units; SI units, fundamental and derived units. Length, mass and time measurements; accuracy and precision of measuring instruments; errors in measurement; significant figures.
• Dimensions of physical quantities, dimensional analysis and its applications.

UNIT II: Kinematics
Details:-

• Frame of reference, Motion in a straight line; Position-time graph, speed and velocity. Uniform and non-uniform motion, average speed and instantaneous velocity. Uniformly accelerated motion, velocity-time and position-time graphs, for uniformly accelerated motion (graphical treatment).
• Elementary concepts of differentiation and integration for describing motion. Scalar and vector quantities: Position and displacement vectors, general vectors, general vectors and notation, equality of vectors, multiplication of vectors by a real number; addition and subtraction of vectors. Relative velocity.
• Unit vectors. Resolution of a vector in a plane-rectangular components.
• Scalar and Vector products of Vectors. Motion in a plane. Cases of uniform velocity and uniform acceleration- projectile motion. Uniform circular motion.

UNIT III: Laws of Motion
Details:-

•  Intuitive concept of force. Inertia, Newton’s first law of motion; momentum and Newton’s second law of motion; impulse; Newton’s third law of motion. Law of conservation of linear momentum and its applications.
• Equilibrium of concurrent forces. Static and Kinetic friction, laws of friction, rolling friction, lubrication.
• Dynamics of uniform circular motion. Centripetal force, examples of circular motion (vehicle on level circular road, vehicle on banked road).

UNIT IV: Work, Energy and Power
Details:-

• Work done by a constant force and variable force; kinetic energy, work-energy theorem, power.
• Notion of potential energy, potential energy of a spring, conservative forces; conservation of mechanical energy (kinetic and potential energies); nonconservative forces; motion in a vertical circle, elastic and inelastic collisions in one and two dimensions.

UNIT V: Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
Details:-

• Centre of mass of a two-particle system, momentum conservation and centre of mass motion. Centre of mass of a rigid body; centre of mass of uniform rod.
• Moment of a force,-torque, angular momentum, conservation of angular momentum with some examples.
• Equilibrium of rigid bodies, rigid body rotation and equation of rotational motion, comparison of linear and rotational motions; moment of inertia, radius of gyration. Values of M.I. for simple geometrical objects (no derivation). Statement of parallel and perpendicular axes theorems and their applications.

UNIT VI: Gravitation
Details:-

• Kepler’s laws of planetary motion. The universal law of gravitation.
• Acceleration due to gravity and its variation with altitude and depth.
• Gravitational potential energy; gravitational potential. Escape velocity, orbital velocity of a satellite. Geostationary satellites.

UNIT VII: Properties of Bulk Matter
Details:-

• Elastic behavior, Stress-strain relationship. Hooke’s law, Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, shear, modulus of rigidity, poisson’s ratio; elastic energy.
• Viscosity, Stokes’ law, terminal velocity, Reynold’s number, streamline and turbulent flow. Critical velocity, Bernoulli’s theorem and its applications.
• Surface energy and surface tension, angle of contact, excess of pressure, application of surface tension ideas to drops, bubbles and capillary rise.
• Heat, temperature, thermal expansion; thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases. Anomalous expansion. Specific heat capacity: Cp, Cv- calorimetry; change of state – latent heat.
• Heat transfer- conduction and thermal conductivity, convection and radiation.Qualitative ideas of Black Body Radiation, Wein’s displacement law, and Green House effect.
• Newton’s law of cooling and Stefan’s law.

UNIT VIII: Thermodynamics
Details:-

• Thermal equilibrium and definition of temperature (zeroth law of Thermodynamics). Heat, work and internal energy. First law of thermodynamics. Isothermal and adiabatic processes.
• Second law of the thermodynamics: Reversible and irreversible processes. Heat engines and refrigerators.

UNIT IX: Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory
Details:-

• Equation of state of a perfect gas, work done on compressing a gas.
• Kinetic theory of gases: Assumptions, concept of pressure. Kinetic energy and temperature; degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (statement only) and application to specific heat capacities of gases; concept of mean free path.

UNIT X: Oscillations and Waves
Details:-

• Periodic motion-period, frequency, displacement as a function of time. Periodic functions. Simple harmonic motion(SHM) and its equation; phase; oscillations of a spring-restoring force and force constant; energy in SHM –Kinetic and potential energies; simple pendulum-derivation of expression for its time period; free, forced and damped oscillations (qualitative ideas only), resonance.
• Wave motion. Longitudinal and transverse waves, speed of wave motion.Displacement relation for a progressive wave. Principle of superposition of waves, reflection of waves, standing waves in strings and organ pipes, fundamental mode and harmonics. Beats. Doppler effect.

CLASS XII

UNIT I: Electrostatics
Details:-

• Electric charges and their conservation. Coulomb’s law-force between two point charges, forces between multiple charges; superposition principle and continuous charge distribution.
• Electric field, electric field due to a point charge, electric field lines; electric dipole, electric field due to a dipole; torque on a dipole in a uniform electric field.
• Electric flux, statement of Gauss’s theorem and its applications to find field due to infinitely long straight wire, uniformly charged infinite plane sheet and uniformly charged thin spherical shell (field inside and outside)
• Electric potential, potential difference, electric potential due to a point charge, a dipole and system of charges: equipotential surfaces, electrical potential energy of a system of two point charges and of electric diploes in an electrostatic field.
• Conductors and insulators, free charges and bound charges inside a conductor. Dielectrics and electric polarization, capacitors and capacitance, combination of capacitors in series and in parallel, capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor with and without dielectric medium between the plates, energy stored in a capacitor, Van de Graaff generator.

UNIT II: Current Electricity
Details:-

• Electric current, flow of electric charges in a metallic conductor, drift velocity and mobility, and their relation with electric current; Ohm’s law, electrical resistance, V-I characteristics (liner and non-linear), electrical energy and power, electrical resistivity and conductivity.
• Carbon resistors, colour code for carbon resistors; series and parallel combinations of resistors; temperature dependence of resistance.
• Internal resistance of a cell, potential difference and emf of a cell, combination of cells in series and in parallel.
• Kirchhoff’s laws and simple applications. Wheatstone bridge, metre bridge.
• Potentiometer-principle and applications to measure potential difference, and for comparing emf of two cells; measurement of internal resistance of a cell.

UNIT III: Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Details:-

• Concept of magnetic field, Oersted’s experiment. Biot-Savart law and its application to current carrying circular loop.
• Ampere’s law and its applications to infinitely long straight wire, straight and toroidal solenoids. Force on a moving charge in uniform magnetic and electric fields. Cyclotron.
• Force on a current-carrying conductor in a uniform magnetic field. Force between two parallel current-carrying conductors-definition of ampere. Torque experienced by a current loop in a magnetic field; moving coil galvanometer-its current sensitivity and conversion to ammeter and voltmeter.
• Current loop as a magnetic dipole and its magnetic dipole moment. Magnetic dipole moment of a revolving electron. Magnetic field intensity due to a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) along its axis and perpendicular to its axis. Torque on a magnetic dipole (bar magnet) in a uniform magnetic field; bar magnet as an equivalent solenoid, magnetic field lines; Earth’s magnetic field and magnetic elements.
• Para-, dia-and ferro-magnetic substances, with examples.
• Electromagnetic and factors affecting their strengths. Permanent magnets.

UNIT IV: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Details:-

• Electromagnetic induction; Faraday’s law, induced emf and current; Lenz’s Law, Eddy currents. Self and mutual inductance.
• Alternating currents, peak and rms value of alternating current/ voltage; reactance and impedance; LC oscillations (qualitative treatment only), LCR series circuit, resonance; power in AC circuits, wattles current.
• AC generator and transformer.

UNIT V: Electromagnetic Waves
Details:-

• Need for displacement current.
• Electromagnetic waves and their characteristics (qualitative ideas only). Transverse nature of electromagnetic waves.
• Electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet,x-rays, gamma rays) including elementary facts about their uses.

UNIT VI: Optics
Details:-

• Reflection of light, spherical mirrors, mirror formula. Refraction of light, total internal reflection and its applications optical fibres, refraction at spherical surfaces, lenses, thin lens formula, lens-maker’s formula. Magnification, power of a lens, combination of thin lenses in contact combination of a lens and a mirror. Refraction and dispersion of light through a prism.
• Scattering of light- blue colour of the sky and reddish appearance of the sun at sunrise and sunset.
• Optical instruments: Human eye, image formation and accommodation, correction of eye defects (myopia and hypermetropia) using lenses.
• Microscopes and astronomical telescopes (reflecting and refracting) and their magnifying powers.
• Wave optics: Wavefront and Huygens’ principle, reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface using wavefronts.
• Proof of laws of reflection and refraction using Huygens’ principle.
• Interference, Young’s double hole experiment and expression for fringe width, coherent sources and sustained interference of light.
• Diffraction due to a single slit, width of central maximum.
• Resolving power of microscopes and astronomical telescopes. Polarisation, plane polarized light; Brewster’s law, uses of plane polarized light and Polaroids.

UNIT VII: Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Details:-

• Photoelectric effect, Hertz and Lenard’s observations; Einstein’s photoelectric equation- particle nature of light.
• Matter waves- wave nature of particles, de Broglie relation. Davisson-Germer experiment (experimental details should be omitted; only conclusion should be explained).

UNIT VIII: Atoms and Nuclei
Details:-

• Alpha- particle scattering experiments; Rutherford’s model of atom; Bohr model, energy levels, hydrogen spectrum. Composition and size of nucleus, atomic masses, isotopes, isobars; isotones.
• Radioactivity- alpha, beta and gamma particles/ rays and their properties decay law. Mass-energy relation, mass defect; binding energy per nucleon and its variation with mass number, nuclear fission and fusion.

UNIT IX: Electronic Devices
Details:-

• Energy bands in solids (qualitative ideas only), conductors, insulators and semiconductors; semiconductor diode- I-V characteristics in forward and reverse bias, diode as a rectifier; I-V characteristics of LED, photodiode, solar cell, and Zener diode; Zener diode as a voltage regulator. Junction transistor, transistor action, characteristics of a transistor; transistor as an amplifier (common emitter configuration) and oscillator. Logic gates (OR, AND, NOT, NAND and NOR). Transistor as a switch .

NEET UG 2012

NEET UG 2012
NEET ( National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test) is all india level medical entrance exam.
Syllabus:
You can download the syllabus by clicking here.
Eligibility Criteria:
Passed 12th class examination, minimum of 50% (General category) and 40% (Reserved category) in aggregate of Physics, Chemistry and Biology from a recognized board before admission.
Examination Schedule:
Will be held from 2013.

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NEET UG MBBS

Now there is no inconvenience and confusion of appearing in multiple entrance examinations and counselling.
We all know the Medical Council of India and the Health Ministry have approved that there will be only one common entrance test for over 31,000 MBBS seats in all government and medical colleges in the country from 2011, offered by 271medical colleges, 138 government-run and 133 under private management.
As per the new admission protocol, there will be a single qualifying exam in which all students wishing to join medical courses must attend. Students have to apply separately to the colleges they wish to study in the order of their preference. However the admission will be strictly made out of the scores they obtain in the Common admission test. So you have to score high if you wish to study at the college of their choice.
With the approach of the new restructured academic curriculum you have to undergo different methodology of teaching and testing; at a more challenging pedestal.
The NEET Entrance consists of three question papers. Each paper is of 250 marks.
Subject wise allocation of marks: MBBS entrance examination, would have 30% marks each for Physics and Chemistry and 40% marks for Biology.
Type of Paper/Questions: MCQ pattern of questions would be followed for MBBS entrance.
Setting of Question Paper: MBBS entrance examination, will have a single paper of 250 questions (75 questions from physics and chemistry each and 100 from Biology) and be of 3 hours duration. Questions will have four options with single correct answer and three distracters.
Eligibility Criteria: The student would have passed 12th class examination securing minimum of 50% in aggregate of Physics, Chemistry and Biology from a recognized board before admission.
Conduct of Examination: Advertisement for MBBS entrance examination, would be sent in last week of November in all major newspapers of the country and applications collected both online and offline by January 15th 12.00 Noon. Admit cards will be dispatched by April 15th and the exam would be
conducted on last Sunday of May.

Proposed algorithm for National Eligibility Entrance Examination (NEET)
University Examination	MBBS - NEET	Ist Professional Exam
		IInd Professional Exam
		IIIrd Professional Exam
Ranking for P.G. Course	Common Exit Examination
	Internship
	Licentiate Examination	Assessment of skills and competence at end of internship
	BASIC DOCTOR/INDIAN MEDICAL GRADUATES

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NEET 2013 Entrance Exam, Dates, Notification, Syllabus, Pattern, Application Form, Results of National Eligibility cum Entrance Test.

Welcome to NEET Exam Section. Here you will find NEET 2013 Entrance Exam, NEET UG, NEET PG, Dates, Notification, Syllabus, Pattern, Application Form, Results of National Eligibility cum Entrance Test.

Medical Council of India conduct National Eligibility-cum-Entrance Test (NEET) for admissions to MBBS (NEET-UG) and Postgraduate Courses (NEET-PG) form 2013.

NEET UG Eligibility:-

Passed 12th class examination, minimum of 50% (General category) and 40% (Reserved category) in aggregate of Physics, Chemistry and Biology from a recognized board.

NEET Exam UG 2013 Pattern:-

Language of Examination: English and Local Language (Tamilnadu, UP, MP)

Test Duration: 3 hrs

Exam Pattern: single response type MCQs

Total Questions: 250

Subject wise allocation of marks:- 30% marks each for Physics and Chemistry and 40% marks for Biology, i.e. Physics: 75 mcqs, Chemistry: 75 mcqs, Biology, 100 mcqs.



NEET UG Syllabus:-

NEET UG Physics Syllabus:-

Physics syllabus of class XI

Physical world and measurement
Kinematics
Laws of Motion
Work, Energy and Power
Motion of System of Particles and Rigid Body
Gravitation
Properties of Bulk Matter
Thermodynamics
Behaviour of Perfect Gas and Kinetic Theory
Oscillations and Waves

Physics syllabus of class XII:-

Electrostatics
Current Electricity
Magnetic Effects of Current and Magnetism
Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Currents
Electromagnetic Waves
Optics
Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation
Atoms and Nuclei
Electronic Devices

NEET UG Chemistry Syllabus

Chemistry syllabus of class XI:-

Some Basic Concepts of Chemistry
Structure of Atom
Classification of Elements and Periodicity in Properties
Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure
States of Matter: Gases and Liquids
Thermodynamics
Equilibrium
Redox Reactions
Hydrogen
s-Block Element (Alkali and Alkaline earth metals)
Some p-Block Elements
Organic Chemistry- Some Basic Principles and Techniques
Hydrocarbons
Environmental Chemistry

Chemistry syllabus of class XII:-

Solid State
Solutions
Electrochemistry
Chemical Kinetics
Surface Chemistry
General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
p- Block Elements
d and f Block Elements
Coordination Compounds
Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen
Biomolecules
Polymers
Chemistry in Everyday Life

NEET UG Biology Syllabus

Biology syllabus of class XI:-

Diversity in Living World
Structural Organisation in Animals and Plants
Cell Structure and Function
Plant Physiology
Human physiology

Biology syllabus of class XII:-

Reproduction
Genetics and Evolution
Biology and Human Welfare
Biotechnology and Its Applications
Ecology and environment

NEET UG Collges:-

There are about 314 medical colleges in the country. Out of these 144 colleges are being run by State and Central Governments and the remaining 170 colleges are under private managements. Out of these 170, there are about 50 deemed universities.

NEET UG 2013 Dates / Notification:-

Last Date of application: January 15th 2013 12.00 Noon
Issue of Admit Cards: by April 15th 2013
Exam Date: Last Sunday of May





NEET PG 2013:- National Eligibility cum Entrance Test for Medical Postgraduate Courses (MD/MS/Diploma) is conducted by Medical Council of India for admission to Medical Post-graduate Courses across the country.

NEET PG 2013 Dates:- The exam shall be held in Jan-Feb 2013.

NEET PG Pattern / Syllabus:-

The multiple choice questions (MCQs) would be based on the MBBS syllabus as well as the knowledge that needs to be acquired during internship which is also described in the said Regulations.

There will be a single paper of 180 questions of 3 hours duration. Each question will carry one mark. There will be negative marking for wrong answer (0.25 marks).
Click Here for More Details:-
NEET UG 2013
NEET PG 2013

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Top 10 Deadliest Spiders

Spiders are one of the smallest but most lethal creatures. Fear of spiders in some people it is quite reasonable because the spider venom can kill several people or animals at once.

1.Brown Recluse

The brown recluse spider or violin spider, Loxosceles reclusa, is a well-known member of the family Sicariidae. Brown recluse spiders are usually between 6–20 mm, but may grow larger. They may be brown or gray and usually have markings on the dorsal side of their cephalothorax, with a black line coming from it that looks like a violin with the neck of the violin pointing to the rear of the spider, resulting in the nicknames fiddleback spider, brown fiddler or violin spider.

2.Black Widow

Black Widow is a common name of some spiders in the genus Latrodectus – see Black widow spider for a specific list of such spiders.

3.Brazilian Wandering Spider

The Brazilian wandering spiders, armed spiders or banana spiders are a genus of aggressive and highly venomous spiders found in tropical South and Central America. These spiders are members of the Ctenidae family of wandering spiders.

4.Funnel-Web Spiders

The araneomorph funnel-web spiders of the family Agelenidae include the common grass spiders of the genus Agelenopsis, as well as the purportedly venomous European hobo spider, Tegenaria agrestis, which has been introduced into the Pacific Northwest of the United States. Note: The araneomorph funnel-web spider should not to be confused with the funnel-web tarantula and the venomous funnel-web tarantula, both of which are members of the suborder Mygalomorphae. The venomous funnel-web tarantulas include the infamous Sydney funnel-web spider.

5.Mouse Spiders

Mouse spiders are spiders of the genus Missulena, in the mygalomorph family Actinopodidae. There are 11 known species in this genus, all but one of which are indigenous to Australia. One species, M. tussulena, is found in Chile. The name derives from an old belief, now known to be false, that the spiders dig deep burrows similar to those of mice. There is evidence that the bite of a mouse spider is potentially as serious as that of an Australasian funnel-web spider; however recorded envenomings by this spider are rare. Funnel-web antivenom has been found to be an effective treatment for serious bites.

6.Red Back Spider

The Redback spider  is a potentially dangerous spider native to Australia that resembles a Black widow spider. It is a member of the genus Latrodectus or the widow family of spiders, which are found throughout the world. The female is easily recognisable by its black body with prominent red stripe on the upper side  of its abdomen. Females have a body length of about a centimetre while the male is smaller, being only 3 to 4 millimetres long. The Redback spider is one of few arachnids which display sexual cannibalism while mating.

7.Wolf Spider

Wolf spiders are members of the family Lycosidae, from the Greek word  meaning “wolf”. They are robust and agile hunters with good eyesight. They live mostly solitary lives and hunt alone. Some are opportunistic wanderer hunters, pouncing upon prey as they find it or chasing it over short distances. Others lie in wait for passing prey, often from or near the mouth of a burrow. Wolf spiders resemble Nursery web spiders, but they carry their egg sacs by attaching them to their spinnerets. Wolf spiders have two eyes out of eight that are large and prominent. The eight eyes of the Nursery web spiders are all of approximately equal size.

8.Goliath Birdeater Tarantula

The Goliath Bird-eater Spider is an arachnid belonging to the tarantula group, Theraphosidae, and is considered to be the second largest  spider  in the world. The spider was named by explorers from the Victorian era, who witnessed one eating a hummingbird.

9.Sac Spider

The sac spiders of the family Clubionidae have a very confusing taxonomic history. Once this family was a large catch-all taxon for a large group of disparate collection of spiders, similar only in that they had eight legs arranged in two rows, conical anterior spinnerets that touched and were wandering predators that built silken retreats, or sacs, usually on plant terminals, between leaves, under bark or under rocks. These are now recognized to include several families, some of which are more closely related to the three-clawed spiders, like lynx and wolf spiders, than to true “clubionoids.

10.Hobo Spider

The hobo spider  is a member of the genus of spiders known colloquially as funnel web spiders. It is one of a small number of spiders in North America whose bites are generally considered to be medically significant. Individuals construct a funnel-shaped structure of silk sheeting and lie in wait at the small end of the funnel for prey insects to blunder onto their webs. Hobo spiders sometimes build their webs in or around human habitations. Although this species of spider has a reputation for aggressiveness, they will normally avoid contact with humans. Most bites occur when the spider is accidentally crushed or squeezed by a human. The spider’s venom is strong enough to cause considerable local pain and possibly necrosis.

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top-10 most venomous snakes

If you are a long time reader of Listverse you will remember that we have previously had two lists on snakes: 10 lesser known venomous snakes and 10 unusual and amazing snakes. Surprisingly, we have not published a list of the most venomous snakes – and so, today, we fill that void with the following list. This is probably also a good time to point out (which we have done on a previous list) that something is venomous when it injects you with venom, and something is poisonous when it harms you through touch or eating.

10

Rattlesnake

The only snake from the Americas on the list, the Rattlesnake is easily identifiable by the tell tale rattle on the end of its tail. They are actually a part of the Pit Viper family, and are capable of striking at up to 2/3rd their body length. The Eastern Diamondback in considered the most venomous species in North America. Surprisingly, juveniles are considered more dangerous than adults, due to their inability to control the amount of venom injected. Most species of rattlesnakes have hemotoxic venom, destroying tissue, degenerating organs and causing coagulopathy (disrupted blood clotting). Some degree of permanent scarring is very likely in the event of a venomous bite, even with prompt, effective treatment, and can lead to the loss of a limb or death. Difficulty breathing, paralysis, drooling and massive hemorrhaging are also common symptoms. Thus, a rattlesnake bite is always a potentially fatal injury. Untreated rattlesnake bites, especially from larger species, are very often fatal. However, antivenin, when applied in time, reduces the death rate to less than 4%

9

Death Adder

The appropriately named Death Adder is found in Australia and New Guinea. They actually hunt and kill other snakes, including some on this list, usually via ambush. Death Adders look quite similar to vipers, in that they have triangular shaped heads and short, squat bodies. They typically inject around 40-100mg of venom with an LD of 0.4mg-0.5mg/kg. An untreated Death Adder bite is one of the most dangerous in the world. The venom is a neurotoxin. A bite causes paralysis and can cause death within 6 hours, due to respiratory failure. Symptoms generally peak within 24-48 hours. Antivenin is very successful in treating a bite from a Death Adder, particularly due to the relatively slow progression of symptoms, but before its development, a Death Adder bite had a fatality rate of 50%. With the quickest strike in the world, a Death Adder can go from strike position to striking and back again within 0.13 of a second.

8

Vipers

Vipers are found throughout most of the world, but arguably the most venomous is the Saw Scaled Viper and the Chain Viper, found primarily in the Middle East and Central Asia, particularly India, China and South East Asia. Vipers are quick tempered and generally nocturnal, often active after rains. They are also very fast. Most of these species have venom that cause symptoms that begin with pain at the site of the bite, immediately followed by swelling of the affected extremity. Bleeding is a common symptom, especially from the gums. There is a drop in blood pressure and the heart rate falls. Blistering occurs at the site of the bite, developing along the affected limb in severe cases. Necrosis is usually superficial and limited to the muscles near the bite, but may be severe in extreme cases. Vomiting and facial swelling occurs in about one-third of all cases. Severe pain may last for 2-4 weeks. Often, local swelling peaks within 48-72 hours, involving the affected limb. Discoloration may occur throughout the swollen area as red blood cells and plasma leak into muscle tissue. Death from septicaemia, respiratory or cardiac failure may occur 1 to 14 days post-bite, or even later.

7

Philippine Cobra

Most species of Cobra would not make this list; however the Philippine Cobra is the exception. Drop for drop, its venom is the most deadly of all the Cobra species, and they are capable of spitting it up to 3 metres. The venom is a neurotoxin which affects cardiac and respiratory function, and can cause neurotoxicity, respiratory paralysis and death in thirty minutes. The bite causes only minimal tissue damage. The neurotoxins interrupt the transmission of nerve signals by binding to the neuro-muscular junctions near the muscles. The symptoms might include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, collapse and convulsions.

6

Tiger Snake

Found in Australia, the Tiger snake has a very potent neurotoxic venom. Death from a bite can occur within 30 minutes, but usually takes 6-24 hours. Prior to the development of antivenin, the fatality rate from Tiger snakes was 60-70%. Symptoms can include localized pain in the foot and neck region, tingling, numbness and sweating, followed by a fairly rapid onset of breathing difficulties and paralysis. The Tiger snake will generally flee if encountered, but can become aggressive when cornered. It strikes with unerring accuracy.

5

Black Mamba

The feared Black Mamba is found throughout many parts of the African continent. They are known to be highly aggressive, and strike with deadly precision. They are also the fastest land snake in the world, capable of reaching speeds of up to 20km/h. These fearsome snakes can strike up to 12 times in a row. A single bite is capable of killing anywhere from 10-25 adults. The venom is a fast acting neurotoxin. Its bite delivers about 100–120 mg of venom, on average; however, it can deliver up to 400 mg. If the venom reaches a vein, 0.25 mg/kg is sufficient to kill a human in 50% of cases. The initial symptom of the bite is local pain in the bite area, although not as severe as snakes with hemotoxins. The victim then experiences a tingling sensation in the mouth and extremities, double vision, tunnel vision, severe confusion, fever, excessive salivation (including foaming of the mouth and nose) and pronounced ataxia (lack of muscle control). If the victim does not receive medical attention, symptoms rapidly progress to severe abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting, pallor, shock, nephrotoxicity, cardio toxicity and paralysis. Eventually, the victim experiences convulsions, respiratory arrest, coma and then death. Without antivenin, the mortality rate is nearly 100%, among the highest of all venomous snakes. Depending on the nature of the bite, death can result at any time between 15 minutes and 3 hours.

4

Taipan

Another entry from Australia, the venom in a Taipan is strong enough to kill up to 12,000 guinea pigs. The venom clots the victim’s blood, blocking arteries or veins. It is also highly neurotoxic. Before the advent of an antivenin, there are no known survivors of a Taipan bite, and death typically occurs within an hour. Even with successful administration of antivenin, most victims will have an extensive stay in intensive care. It has been likened to the African Black Mamba in morphology, ecology and behavior.

3

Blue Krait

The Malayan or Blue Krait is, by far, the most deadly of this species. Found throughout South East Asia and Indonesia, 50% of bites from the deadly Blue Krait are fatal, even with the administration of antivenin. Kraits hunt and kill other snakes, even cannibalizing other Kraits. They are a nocturnal breed, and are more aggressive under the cover of darkness. However, overall they are quite timid and will often attempt to hide rather than fight. The venom is a neurotoxin, 16 times more potent than that of a Cobra. It quickly induces muscle paralysis by preventing the ability of nerve endings to properly release the chemical that sends the message to the next nerve. This is followed by a period of massive over excitation (cramps, tremors, spasms), which finally tails off to paralysis. Fortunately, bites from Kraits are rare due to their nocturnal nature. Before the development of antivenin, the fatality rate was a whopping 85%. Even if antivenin is administered in time, you are far from assured survival. Death usually occurs within 6-12 hours of a Krait bite. Even if patients make it to a hospital, permanent coma and even brain death from hypoxia may occur, given potentially long transport times to get medical care.

2

Eastern Brown Snake

Don’t let the innocuous name of this snake fool you, 1/14,000 of an ounce of its venom is enough to kill an adult human. Coming in a variety of species, the Eastern Brown snake is the most venomous. Unfortunately, its preferred habitat is also along the major population centers of Australia. The Brown snake is fast moving, can be aggressive under certain circumstances and has been known to chase aggressors and repeatedly strike at them. Even juveniles can kill a human. The venom contains both neurotoxins and blood coagulants. Fortunately for humans, less than half of bites contain venom and they prefer not to bite if at all possible. They react only to movement, so stand very still if you ever encounter one in the wild. [Image Source]

1

Fierce Snake or Inland Taipan

While I did say that I would not include multiple sub-species in this list, the incredible Inland Taipan deserves a spot of its own. It has the most toxic venom of any land snake in the world. The maximum yield recorded for one bite is 110mg, enough to kill about 100 humans, or 250,000 mice! With an LD/50 of 0.03mg/kg, it is 10 times as venomous as the Mojave Rattlesnake, and 50 times more than the common Cobra. Fortunately, the Inland Taipan is not particularly aggressive and is rarely encountered by humans in the wild. No fatalities have ever been recorded, though it could potentially kill an adult human within 45 minutes.

+

Belcher’s Sea Snake

The most venomous snake known in the world, a few milligrams is strong enough to kill 1000 people! Less than 1/4 of bites will contain venom, and they are relatively docile. Fisherman are usually the victims of these bites, as they encounter the species when they pull nets from the ocean. Found throughout waters off South East Asia and Northern Australia.

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Worlds Top 10 Most Poisonous Venomous Deadliest Snakes

World's Top 10 Most Poisonous Venomous Deadliest Snakes - Informative Snake Article ↓

No doubt, snakes are the deadliest, venomous creatures, yet are the most beautiful creation of mother nature. Snakes as always are wonderful species of our eco system. As like other wild creatures, their existence too is indeed important to maintain nature's ecological balance. Snakes never attack humans willingly else they get aggressive only when are hurt or disturbed without warning. It's their natural wild instinct of self-defense that force any venomous snake to strike. In fact, as much as we fear snakes, they too fear humans and other bigger species. Deadly snakebite is always a worst hazardous accident. Lack of proper medical treatment on time can cause a major physical damage to an injured, may even prove fatal. Good knowledge, smart approach and scientific understanding of top venomous serpents can help us clarify many misconceptions about these wonderful wild species.

Following snake article provides you brief info on world's top 10 most dangerous / venomous / toxic snakes and also essential tips on, How to avoid a deadly snakebite? Enjoy reading this informative snake article.

Note! Please Read This Important Disclaimer ↓

Information below is compiled by referring various resources (books, newspapers, magazines, etc.) which may or may not be edited well, verified or accurate in nature. The data below is compiled by author of this blog. The information below is shared merely for educational or entertainment purpose. After referring data below, please do verify its correctness on your own from other valid and authentic resources, if possible do consult experts e.g. a Herpetologist. Author of this site nor any of its related parties shall be held accountable or do take responsibility for any social, legal, political, religious, educational, health, economical consequences, if arising, by referring contents on this website. Users, referrers or readers discretion is highly recommended. Lastly, by accessing this webpage it is assumed that you accept this disclaimer note willingly & agree it faithfully (without any force, pressure, doubts, etc.). Information published on this website is a mere personal opinion and shall not be considered as an expert's advice. This is for your kind notice as the blog's / website's intension is to educate and not misguide any of its valued readers. Further, you're welcome to take active participation in discussion below and submit your queries, suggestions, if any, via the comment-box on this webpage.

Top 10 Deadliest Snakes Rankings are based on an aggregate study and comparison of individual snake's toxicity (LD50 test values used), its personality, body size, recorded human deaths, maximum capacity to inject a venom (volume), type of venom, symptoms of bite, victims' medical studies, new research information, etc. Following list is an outcome of a global survey.

Additional Note :- World's Top 10 Most Venomous, Toxic Snakes' rankings below are likely to change in the future with new research and studies. In the following article, I'm purposefully and constantly using words like 'the most poisonous', 'poisonous', 'the most deadliest', 'deadliest', 'deadly', 'the most venomous', 'venomous', etc. This is done just to maintain my writing style, presentation and balance seo of the article. Here all such words must be considered as a synonym actually saying 'The Most venomous or Toxic'.

Hydrophis Belcheri - Most Venomous Snake

Snake's Record : Inland Taipan is not world's most toxic venomous snake else rightly saying it is terrestrial world's most toxic land snake on earth. Neither it is Beaked Sea Snake (Enhydrina schistosa). Snake which is 100 times more venomous than Taipan, Beaked Sea Snake or any other snake on earth is Hydrophis Belcheri.
Record's Disagreement : Some snake enthusiasts and herpetologists may not agree with above sentence and would either name Beaked Sea Snake (Enhydrina schistosa) or the Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) as having most toxic venom than Belcheri.
Record's Agreement : But present situation is changing, more recent studies and better results of improving experiments have suggested and compelled majority of scientific world to accept 'Hydrophis Belcheri' as the real contender No.1. Even literary world seems to be in agreement with this as many recent encyclopedias says it's 'Hydrophis Belcheri". For example :- To verify this, please refer reputed DK'S ILLUSTRATED FAMILY ENCYCLOPEDIA, Edition 2007, page no. 918, lower bottom under title 'Most Venomous Animals' and read the first sentence. Finally majority always wins and recent researches and new data seems to be in favour of Belcheri, so whether you agree or not, Belcher's Sea Snake remains the most venomous snake on planet earth.

Belcher's Sea Snake ( Hydrophis Belcheri )

Snake's Description : Hydrophis Belcheri's thin body is usually chrome yellowish in colour and is surrounded by dark greenish bands. Head is short and has same color as that of bands. Its mouth is very small but suitable for aquatic life. Its body when viewed outside water appears having fainted yellow colour.
Snake's Names : Its scientific name 'Hydrophis Belcheri' was given by John Edward Gray in 1849 which commemorates the British Naval officer and explorer Sir Edward Belcher (1799-1877). Hydrophis comes from Greek, here 'hydro' = water and 'ophis' = serpent, belcheri comes from latin here 'belonging to man named belcher'. It is also referred as Faint Banded Sea Snake and Belcher's Sea Snake.
Snake's Characteristics : Hydrophis Belcheri is a sea snake. Its scales are different from other snakes and they overlap each other. Dorsal pattern does not extend on to venter, it has scales with a central tubercle. It is highly compressed at the rear end of the body and has a short head. Abdominal board is very narrow or non-existent. Like other sea snakes it also has a paddle-like tail which make him an expert swimmer. It rarely goes on land, eats fish and shellfish. It breaths air, has valves over its nostrils that close underwater. It can hold its breath for as long as 7 to 8 hours while hunting and even sleeping but then has to come over water surface for a quick breath of air. It is a docile specie and not aggressive at all. It is usually active at night. It may deliver a provoked bite only after repeated severe treatment. It usually bites fishermen handling nets but only 1/4^th of those bitten are envenomated since Hydrophis Belcheri rarely injects any venom. Few milligrams (mg) of Belcheri's myotoxic venom is enough to kill an estimate of more than 1000 people. If Belcheri injects, sure death within few minutes. Painful death may even take less time depending on victim's body size and time taken by infected blood to reach its vital organs. It is the most toxic venomous specie of snake known to date and holds a record in Guinness Book.
Snake's Length : Hydrophis Belcheri range from 0.5 to 1 metre in length.
Snake's Distribution : Its main habitat is the Ashmore Reef in the Timor Sea off north-western coast of Australia. It is also found in seas of Indonesia and the South Pacific, having been recorded in the Philippines near Visayan and Panay islands, Gulf of Thailand, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Fiji, Kiribati, and the Solomon Islands.
Hydrophis Belcheri (Belcher's Sea Snake) is not ranked nor included in my top tens due to its non-terrestrial nature and limited human encounters. Even if it bites it rarely injects any venom, though being most venomous it is not most dangerous at all.

Inland Taipan ( Oxyuranus Microlepidotus )

• Western or Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus Microlepidotus) (Fierce Snake),
• Central Ranges Taipan (Oxyuranus Temporalis),
• North-West Australian Taipan (Oxyuranus Scutellatus Barringeri),
• Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus Scutellatus Canni), and
• Costal Taipan (Oxyuranus Scutellatus Scutellatus).

Snake's Description : Generally Taipans are uniformly olive or dark brown, the head is somewhat darker brown.
Snake's Toxic Rank 1 : Inland Taipan is the world's most venomous land snake. Its bite is synonymous with death. Maximum survival time recorded after Taipan's bite is not more than few hours. Without prompt medical assistance its victim has rarest chance of recovery. Taipans are divided into following five sub-species viz; Western or Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus) or (Fierce Snake), Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus s. canni), Common or Coastal Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus), Central Ranges Taipan (Oxyuranus temporalis) and North-West Australian Taipan (Oxyuranus scutellatus barringeri). Here Inland Taipan (Fierce snake) is the most toxic specie of all. Maximum yield recorded from a single bite of Inland Taipan is 110 mg. Just few mg of Inland Taipan's venom is enough to kill over 100 people or 250,000 mice. Australia's Western or Inland Taipan or Fierce Snake is the world's most toxic terrestrial snake. (Ranked No.1)
Snake's Characteristics : It is considered as the most venomous land snake on earth. Many people believe Taipans are very aggressive but the fact is that they are docile creatures. Yes they have an aggressive disposition only when mishandled or disturbed without warning. When aroused, Taipan can display a fearsome appearance by flattening its head, raising it off the ground, waving it back and forth, and suddenly striking with such speed that the victim may receive several bites before it retreats. Its venom is a powerful neurotoxin, causing respiratory paralysis.
Snake's Habitat : At home in a variety of habitats, Inland Taipan are found from the savanna grasslands to the inland dry plains of Australia. Where as 'Oxyuranus scutellatus' are often seen in forests and open woodlands. Very less or no information; regarding newly discovered Central Ranges Taipan (Oxyuranus temporalis).
Snake's Length : Average Taipan's length is 1.8 meters and maximum of 3.7 meters.
Snake's Distribution : Taipans (Oxyuranus scutellatus) are found in Northern Australia and Southern New Guinea. Whereas Inland Taipan (world's most toxic land snake) are found in Central Australia. Papuan Taipan (Oxyuranus s. canni) are found in New Guinea.

Inland Taipan's Streaming Youtube Videos

Comman Indian Krait ( Bungarus Caeruleus )

Snake's Description : Comman Indian Krait is black or bluish-black in colour with white narrow crossbands and a narrow head.
Snake's Toxic Rank 2 : Comman Indian Krait is world's No.2 venomous snake. It is highly venomous snake after Inland Taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus).
Snake's Characteristics : Kraits are found only in Asia. This poisonous snake is of special concern to man. It is 15 times more deadly than any common cobra. It is active at night and relatively passive during the day. The native people often step on kraits while walking through their habitats. The krait has a tendency to seek shelter in sleeping bags, boots and tents. Its venom is a powerful neurotoxin that causes respiratory failure. Comman Indian Krait is most venomous snake of indian peninsula. In other words, it is the most venomous snake of India, Sri-Lanka and Pakistan.
Snake's Habitat : Comman Indian Krait's habitat include open fields, human settlements and dense jungle.
Snake's Length : Comman Indian Krait's average length is about 90 centimeters and maximum of 1.5 meters.
Snake's Distribution : Comman Indian Krait are found in India, Sri Lanka and Pakistan.
Snake's Photos : The Comman Indian Krait's photo gallery.

Comman Indian Krait's Streaming Video

Philippine Cobra ( Naja Philippinensis )

Snake's Description : Philippine Cobra is a relatively small stocky brown snake.
Snake's Toxic Rank 3: Philippine Cobra is the world's No.3 venomous snake. Extremely poisonous snake after Common Indian Krait. Please don't judge this snake on its small size, it is most deadliest snake from Philippine.
Snake's Characteristics : Philippine Cobras are recognized by the hoods that they flare when angry or disturbed. The hoods are created by the extension of the ribs behind the cobras' heads. Philippine Cobras are famous for their use by oriental snake charmers because they respond well to visual cues. Philippine Cobra is Philippines most poisonous snake.
Snake's Habitat : Philippine Cobra's habitat also include open fields, human settlements and dense jungle.
Snake's Length : Philippine Cobra's average length is usually up to 100 centimeters.
Snake's Distribution : As it name says Philippine Cobras are found in Philippine Islands.

Philippine Cobra's Streaming Video

King Cobra ( Ophiophagus Hannah )

Snake's Description : King Cobra is uniformly olive, brown or green in colour with rings like cross bands of black.
Snake's Toxic Rank 4 : Famous Giant King cobra is the world's No.4 venomous snake. Extremely venomous after Philippine Cobra.
Snake's Characteristics : Although King Cobra is the largest venomous snake in the world and it has a disposition to go with this honour, it causes relatively few bites on humans. It appears to have a high degree of intelligence. It avoids attacking another venomous snake for fear of being bitten. It feeds exclusively on harmless species of other snakes. King Cobra usually prefers eating non-venomous species, but if is too hungry may attack other venomous snakes like Common Kraits, other Cobras, and even eat its own specie (i.e Other King Cobras). King Cobra is a cannibal and also eats its own specie. Hence called 'Ophiophagus' which means 'a snake eater'. The female King Cobra builds a nest then deposits her eggs in it. Lying close by, she guards the nest and is highly aggressive towards anything that closely approaches the nest. King Cobras can inject more milligrams (mg) of venom than any other snake. Its venom is a powerful neurotoxin. Without prompt medical aid, death is certain for its victims.
Snake's Habitat : King Cobra's habitat includes dense jungle and even cultivated paddy fields.
Snake's Length : King Cobra's average length is 3.5 meters and maximum of 5.5 meters.
Snake's Distribution : King Cobras are found in Thailand, Southern China, Malaysia Peninsula, Southern India (especially in rain forests of western ghats) and Philippines.

Giant King Cobra's Streaming Videos

Russell's Viper ( Vipera Russellii )

Snake's Description : Russell Viper has a light brown body with three rows of dark brown or black splotches bordered with white or yellow extending its entire length.
Snake's Toxic Rank 5 : Russell's viper is the world's No.5 Venomous snake. Its too a highly venomous snake.
Snake's Characteristics : Russell Viper is a dangerous specie abundant over its entire range. It is responsible for more human fatalities than any other venomous snake. It is irritable. When threatened, it coils tightly, hisses and strikes with such speed that its victim has little chance of escaping. Its hemotoxic venom is a powerful coagulant, damaging tissue and blood cells.
Snake's Habitat : Russell Viper's habitat varies from farmlands to dense rain forests. It is commonly found around human settlements.
Snake's Length : Russell Viper's average length is 1 meter and maximum of 1.5 meters.
Snake's Distribution : Russell Vipers are found in Sri-Lanka, Southern China, India, Malaysian Peninsula, Java, Sumatra, Borneo and surrounding islands.

Russell Viper's Streaming Video

Black Mamba ( Dendroaspis Polylepis )

Snake's Description : The Black Mamba, largest of the species, is uniformly olive to black. It mouth has a black internal lining. Thus named Black Mamba. There is also another specie of Mamba called Green Mamba, it looks yellowish-green in colour.
Snake's Toxic Rank 6 : Africa's most feared toxic snake Black Mamba is the world's No.6 venomous snake. Black Mamba is highly toxic and notoriously aggressive.
Snake's Characteristics : The Black Mamba's nickname is "bottom up snake", the victim supposedly has time for one quick drink before death. As said earlier, it is the dreaded snake species of Africa. Treat it with great respect and always stay away from it. Mamba is not only highly venomous but also aggressive and its victim has very little chance to escape from a bite. Its venom is highly neurotoxic. Hence Black Mamba's bite is always 100% fatal if antivenom is not administered quickly. Despite the name this snake is actually brownish-gray in colour. When threatened, it opens its mouth wide and gives the victims a good view of the black internal lining of its mouth. Black Mamba is the fastest land snake in the world, reaching top speeds of 16-19 km/hr in short bursts.
Snake's Habitat : Black Mamba's habitat also varies from farmlands to dense rain forests. It is also commonly found around human settlements and sometimes even on trees.
Snake's Length : Black Mambas can grow up to 4.3 meters in length.
Snake's Distribution : Black Mambas are found in African savannas and open woodlands.

Black Mamba's Streaming Videos

Yellow Jawed Tommygoff ( Bothrops Asper )

Snake's Description : Yellow-Jawed Tommygoffs are locally referred to as 'Fer-de-lance' or 'Terciopelo', has variable coloration, from gray to olive, brown or reddish, with dark triangles edged with light scales. Triangles are narrow at the top and wide at the bottom.
Snake's Toxic Rank 7 : Yellow-jawed Tommygoff is the world's No.7 venomous snake.
Snake's Characteristics : The Yellow-jawed Tommygoff has an irritable disposition and may strike with little provocation. Heat-seeking fangs help it strike accurately even in the dark. This highly poisonous snake is responsible for a high mortality rate. The female fer-de-lance is highly prolific, producing up to 60 newborns. The venom of this species is hemotoxic, extremely painful and hemorrhagic (causes profuse internal bleeding). Its cytotoxic venom also causes massive tissue destruction. See proof in picture below.

Snake's Habitat : Fer-de-lance are found on cultivated land and farms, they often enter houses in search of rodents.
Snake's Length : Average length of Fer-de-Lance is about 1.4 meters and maximum of 2.4 meters.
Snake's Distribution : Yellow-Jawed Tommygoffs or Fer-de-lance are found Southern Mexico, throughout Central and South America.

Fer-De-Lance Pit Viper's Video

Multibanded krait ( Bungarus Multicinctus )

Snake's Description : Multibanded Krait is black or bluish-black in colour with narrow white bands.
Snake's Toxic Rank 8 : Multibanded Krait is the world's No.8 venomous snake.
Snake's Characteristics : The Multibanded Krait is most active at night. Its venom 'Alpha-Bungarotoxin' is a powerful neurotoxin. Its victims are usually fishermen who untangle these deadly snakes from large fish nets.
Snake's Habitat : Multibanded Kraits are often found in aquatic areas hunting for fish, frogs or other snakes.
Snake's Length : Multibanded Krait's average length is in range of 1.8 meters.
Snake's Distribution : Multibanded Kraits now rare in wild, are most preferred edible snakes in China. Found near islands of Southern China Sea, Taiwan, Vanuatu, Fiji, etc.

Banded Krait's Streaming Video

Tiger Snake ( Notechis Scutatus )

Snake's Description : Tiger Snake are olive to dark brown in colour above with yellowish or olive belly and crossbands. Its subspecies in Tasmania and Victoria are uniformly black.
Snake's Toxic Rank 9 : Tiger Snake is the world's No.9 venomous snake.
Snake's Characteristics : Tiger Snake is a dangerous poisonous snake found in Australia. It is very common and bites many humans in Australia. It has a very potent neurotoxic venom that attacks the nervous system. When aroused, it is aggressive and attacks any intruder. It flattens its neck making a narrow band. Its venom is produced in large quantities, with an average yield 35mg and a record of 180mg.
Snake's Habitat : Tiger Snakes have many habitats from arid regions to human settlements and along waterways to grasslands.
Snake's Length : Tiger Snake has an average length of 1.2 meters and maximum of 1.8 meters.
Snake's Distribution : Tiger Snakes are found in Australia, Tasmania, Bass Strait islands and New Guinea.

Black Tiger Snake's Video Clip.

Jararacussu ( Bothrops Jararacussu )

Snake's Description : Jararacussu has a light or dark greenish colour on upper body and faint yellow colour at bottom.
Snake's Toxic Rank 10 : Jararacussu is the world's No.10 venomous snake.
Snake's Characteristics : Jararacussu may inject a whopping 800 mg of venom per bite. Its single bite has the potential to kill 32 people.
Snake's Habitat : Jararacussus are often found in a spiral state hanging on trees.
Snake's Length : Jararacussu can grow up to 3 meters in length.
Snake's Distribution : Jarararcussus are found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil and Paraguay.

A Video Clip of Jararacussu.

So those were, World's Top 10 Most Poisonous, Venomous, Toxic and infact Deadliest Snakes. Now Let's find out some practical tips on, How To avoid poisonous snake bites?
The Important Precautions You Must Take To Avoid Venomous Snakebites ↓

Since, Precaution Is Always Better Than Cure.

Venomous Snakes are widely distributed. They are found in all tropical, subtropical, and most temperate regions. Some species of poisonous snakes have specialized glands that contain a toxic venom and long hollow fangs to inject their venom. Although venomous snakes use their venom to secure food, they also use it for self-defense. Human accidents occur when you don't see or hear the snake, when you step on them, or when you walk too close to them.

Follow these simple rules to avoid the chance of accidental snake bites :-

How To Avoid Venomous Snake Bites? Guide ↓

Source of following streaming videos is YouTube channel of Expert Village.

1. How To Avoid Snake Bites? General Tips

2. How To Avoid Snake Bites In Your Backyard?

3. How To Identify A Venomous Snake?

4. How to Identify Coral & King Snakes?

5. How To Handle A Venomous Snake?

6. First Aid Tools For A Snake Attack

7. First Aid If An Adult Is Bitten By Snake

8. First Aid If A Child Is Bitten By Snake

9. First Aid If A Pet Is Bitten By Snake

10.How To Remove Snake Venom By Extractor?

More Useful Tips To Avoid Snakebites ↓

• Don't sleep next to brush, tall grass, large boulders, or trees. They provide good hiding places for snakes.
• Place your sleeping bag in a clearing. Use mosquito netting tucked well under the bag. This netting should provide a good barrier.
• Don't put your hands into dark places such as rock crevices, heavy brush or hollow logs, without first investigating.
• Don't step over a fallen tree, step on the log and look to see if there is a snake resting on the other side.
• Don't walk through heavy brush or tall grass without looking down. Look where you are walking.
• Don't pick up any snake unless you are absolutely positive it is non-venomous.
• Don't pick up freshly killed snake without first severing its head. The nervous system may be still active and a partially dead snake can deliver a deadly bite.
• Even if you see a venomous snake don't panic always be clam, make no sound nor movements and let the creature go its way.
• Never try to kill nor hit snake with stones. In case if you do so, possibility of a jump bite or spitting of venom from snake's self-defense may prove hazardous. Spitting Cobra is very well-known to spit its venom with extreme accuracy. It always target victim's eyes and its venom can cause permanent blindness.
• Always wear hard & tall shoes which could possibly secure legs and resist snake bites.
• Lastly while going for treks or expedition campaigns in national parks do investigate little about that area for any special snake habitat. If it's a home of special specie of venomous snake do carry a proper antivenom with you. In such a case, prior guidance and advise regarding selection of a proper anti-dote from any medical expert is mandatory. Remember! Some people are allergic to antivenom.

Story Of A Man Bitten By Rattlesnake - Video ↓

Real Life Snakebite Caught On Video Camera ↓

Australia's 10 Most Deadliest Snakes - Streaming Video

A video documentary presented by Steve Irwin. In this video Steve Irwin have ranked Australia's Ten Most Deadliest Venomous Snakes. You may get confuse with Steve's statements in this documentary as he claims his list being of 'World's 10 Most Deadliest'. But this is not true, Steve is basing his statements based on an old article (pub. in 1979) by A. J. Broad called 'Broad et al in Toxicon'. This old article was not intended as ranking but just a representation of some venomous Australian snakes. Many other species from different countries are equally toxic as Australian snakes. This was for you kind information, enjoy watching this educational video documentary.

Australia's Ten Most Deadliest Snakes - Video Documentary Starts Part 1 ↑

Australia's Ten Most Deadliest Snakes - Video Documentary Part 2 ↑

Australia's Ten Most Deadliest Snakes - Video Documentary's Last Part 3 ↑

A Tribute To Crocodile Hunter, Late Mr. Steve Irwin ↓

Most Shocking Snake Video Ever, Warning! Graphical ↓

Warning! Above video is extremely graphical in nature and not suitable for all. Viewers discretion is highly recommended. Can a snake eat Hippopotamus?

Snake Facts, Records For General Knowledge ↓

• During early Cretaceous period (120 million years ago) snakes evolved from lizards-like ancestors and in process of evolution gradually lost their legs.
• Total species of snake in the world are over 2,900 of which approximately 680-700 are venomous.
• Total species of sea snake in the world = 55 of which almost all are venomous with few exceptions like Turtle Headed or 'Emydocephalus Annulatus'.
• Sea snakes venom is more toxic than venom of land snakes.
• 'Hydrophis Belcheri' is most venomous snake specie on planet earth.
• 'Oxyuranus Microlepidotus' or 'Inland Taipan' is most venomous land snake in the world.
• 'Ophiophagus Hannah' or 'King Cobra' or 'Hamadryad' seems most intelligent, huge, gaint and longest (3.65-4.5 metres in length) venomous snake of all.
• 'Black Mamba' is fastest moving (16-19 km/hr) venomous snake in the world. It is fast enough to catch a person on foot at speed of 10-11 km/hr but definitely can't catch a running person as claimed in some african stories.
• 'Black Mamba' is also notoriously most aggressive venomous snake.
• 'Echis Carinatus' (Saw Scale or Carpet Viper) a venomous viper bites and kills more people than any other venomous snake on earth.
• 'Micrurus Fulvius' or Eastern Coral Snake is North America's most venomous snake. It has a potent neurotoxic venom.
• 'Crotalus Scutulatus' or Mojave Rattlesnake is most venomous rattlesnake in the world. This venomous pitviper is also only rattler with neurotoxic venom. It is a native snake of Arizona and California, USA.
• 'Crotalus Adamanteus' or Eastern Diamondback is highest venom yielding rattler in USA and responsible for most human deaths in North America.
• Eastern Diamondback rattlesnake is also heaviest venomous snake in the world. Heaviest recorded weight of one such snake was 15kg (34lb) which measured 2.36m (7ft9in) in length.
• 'Vipera berus' is the only venomous snake found in Britain.
• Namaqua or 'Spotted Dwarf Adder' (Bitis schneideri) is smallest (Avg. 22.8 cms in length) venomous snake in the world.
• 'Leptotyphlops Carlae' a harmless (non-venomous) blind specie of thread snake is the smallest snake in world. It is also called 'Barbados Threadsnake' and has an average length of 10 cms (4 inches).
• Gaboon Viper or 'Bitis gabonica' has longest fangs (about 5 cm in length) in the snake world.
• Highest yield of venom ever recorded was of 'Bothrops Jararacussu' (1530 mg) and Gaboon Viper (350-600 mg). However 1530 mg recorded yield of Jararacussu seems unexceptable as average yield of this specie is around 150 to 200 mg.
• Many people believe that Anacondas found in Amazon rain forest are the longest and largest snakes of all. Some reports even claim that Anacondas growing up to 36.5 metres long do exist. But such claims have never been proved. US President 'Theodore Roosevelt' once declared a prize tag of $5,000 to anybody who could bring the skin or vertebrae of an Anaconda with more than 9 metres length. American Wildlife Conservation Society raised this offer to $50000, but till date this prize remains unclaimed. Hence Reticulated or Regal Python is now considered as the longest snake in the world. Regal Python (or Reticulated Python) has an average length of 10.7 metres. When compared with Regal Python, Anaconda exceed in weight which is up to 230 kgs thus making them heaviest snake specie on planet earth.
• The Scrub Python is Australia's largest snake, growing to a length of 25.5 feet. They are good swimmers and are usually found near water.
• 'Hydrophis Spiralis' is the longest known sea snake growing upto 2.75 m (9ft) in length.
• 'Giganthopis Garstini' is the longest prehistoric snake ever found, it inhabited Egypt about 38 million years ago. Its remains discovered in Fayum (western desert) indicate a probable length of 11m (36ft). However as per latest report published in Nature Journal Magazine this record is broken. The fossilised remains belonging to the world’s new largest snake is discovered.
  Titanoboa was 13m (42ft) long (about the length of a bus) and lived in the rain forest of north-east Colombia some 58-60 million years ago.
• A male Common Boa (Boa Constrictor Constrictor) named 'Popeye' from Philadelphia Zoo (Pennsylvania, USA) was the oldest snake ever lived. It lived for 40 years + 3 months + 14 days and died on 15th April 1977.
• Countries where most people die of snakebites are India and Sri-Lanka in which approximately 20,000 to 50,000 deaths are recorded annually in India alone.
• Ryukyu group of islands between Japan and Taiwan have highest incidence of snakebites in the world. On an average 0.2 percent of population (i.e 1 in every 500 people) is bitten by a snake each year. The snake most blamed for this is 'Trimeresurus flavoriridis' or Okinawa Habu, luckly most of its victims do recover and don't die a painful death.
• Okinawa Habu is a largest Asiatic pit Viper.
• Okinawa Habu is also longest known fasting snake. Experiment conducted by Amami Kango Pit Viper Center in Naze city (Japan) found this specie survived for 3 years plus 3 months without food and most shockingly even regained its full health later when experiment was terminated. This snake have highest stamina to survive without food than any other snake.
• Ilha da Queimada Grande island of Brazil is world's most densely populated snake place on earth. On this uninhabited Snake island there is at least one snake (specie's name is Golden Lancehead) per square meter. This dangerous Snake island is protected by Brazilian navy and any civilian contact to it is prohibited. Video of Ilha da Queimada Grande ↓
• In USA, state which tops most recorded snake bites is Arizona.
• Each year July 16^th is celebrated as World Snake Day.
• Country which is home to many toxic venomous species of snake is Australia.
• Snakeless countries and islands were you cannot find any native snakes are Ireland, New Zealand, Iceland, Greenland, Newfoundland and Falkland Islands.
• Antarctica is only snakeless continent in the world.
• Source:- Mahiti Pustika Sarpa Visheshank (Marathi Encyclopedia)

Final Glance On Most Venomous Snakes ↓

• "Follow above safety tips to avoid all possible snakesbites and if by the rarest chance you're bitten then quickly rush to nearby hospital."
• "Always take safety precautions while going for jungle treks or wild expeditions."
• "Though Venomous, snakes as always are wonderful species, their respect is our respect towards nature."
• "Sadly! Yet true. Today very few Snakes can be seen in the wild. Some special species of snakes either have become extinct or are on the verge of extinction."
• "People must give up their habit of drinking snakes' blood and eating their meat. Appeal! Please don't buy any goods made from snakes' skins since if buying stops killing can too."

My Sincere Gratitude To All Snake Lovers ↓

Thanks! For reading my article on 'World's Top 10 Ten Most Poisonous, Venomous, Deadliest Snakes'. I hope you enjoyed reading it.
Don't kill Snakes. They need our care, protection and respect. Change your perception and think again on preserving this beautiful specie of nature.
Article By : Gaurav Akrani. This Snake Article was revised on 25^th March 2011.

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